Mumps

Mumetal Plus Mumiia Mumps Munich beers Municipal solid waste... 

During the early 1900s, vaccines against major human epidemic diseases such as pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, and tuberculosis were developed. Vaccines for many animal diseases were also available. In the early 1950s, the development of cell culture techniques byj. E. Enders at Harvard was followed by another series of major advances in vaccine development. Vaccines against poHo, mumps, measles, and mbeUa were Hcensed during the 1960s. 

Measles, Mumps, Rubella. Live, attenuated vaccines are used for simultaneous or separate immunization against measles, mumps, and mbeUa Hi children from around 15 months of age to puberty. Two doses, one at 12—15 months of age and the second at 4—6 or 11—12 years are recommended Hi the United States. 

Varicella. The varicella (chicken pox) vacciae was approved ia April 1995 for immunisation of children. A single dose at one year of age is recommended. In the future it may be combiaed with measles, mumps, and mbeUa. 

Selective active immunization against mumps Same as for BCG vaccine 0.5 ml. 9C (total volume of reconstituted vaccine)... 

Virus vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps should not be given to pregnant women. 

Antibodies in the immune globulin preparations may interfere with the immune response to live virus vaccines, particularly measles, but also others, such as mumps and rubella It is recommended that the live virus vaccines be administered 14 to 30 days before or 6 to 12 weeks after administration of immune globulins. No known interactions have been reported with antivenins. 

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR). The second dose of MMR is recommended routinely at age 4-6 years but may be administered during any visit, provided at least 4 weeks have elapsed since the first dose and that both doses are administered beginning at or after age 12 months. Those who have not previously received the second dose should complete the schedule by the 11-12-year-old visit. 

In recent years concerns have been raised in the popular press about possible side effects from the MMR vaccine, which is given to infants to guard against measles, mumps and rubella. Although this has led to a drop in the levels of vaccination, the advice from health professionals continues to be in favour of vaccination, because even if the claimed side effects were shown to be true, failure to vaccinate would still statistically pose the greater health risk due to the detrimental effects of the diseases themselves. 

Various conditions such as perforated peptic ulcer, cholecystitis, common bile duct and intestinal obstruction, trauma to the abdomen inducing pancreatitis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy may cause an elevated serum amylase but the levels are usually not as high as those found in acute pancreatitis. Mumps and bacterial parotitis, which block the secretion of salivary amylase are associated with mild elevations of serum amylase. 

Helical symmetry was thought at one time to exist only in plant viruses. It is now known, however, to occur in a number of animal virus particles. The influenza and mumps viruses, for example, which were first seen in early electron micrographs as roughly spherical particles, have now been observed as enveloped particles within the envelope, the capsids themselves are helically symmetrical and appear similar to the rods of TMV, except that they are more flexible and are wound like coils of rope in the centre of the particle. 

Paramyxoviruses Mumps virus Enveloped particles variable in size, 110-170nm in diameter, with helical capsids Infection in children produces characteristic swelling of parotid and submaxillary salivary glands. The disease can have neurological complications, e.g. meningitis, especially in adults... 

The single-component viral vaccines are listed in Table 15.2 with notes similar to those provided with the bacterial vaccines. The only eombined viral vaeeine that is widely used is the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR Vac). In a sense, however, both the inactivated (Salk) poliovaccine (PoWac (inactivated)) and the live (Sabin) poliovaccine (PolWac (oral)) are combined vaccines in that they are both mixtures of vims of each of the three serotypes of poliovims. Influenza vaeeines, too, are eombined vaccines in that many contain components fiom as many as three vims strains, usually fiom two strains of influenza A and one strain of influenza B. 

Mumps Chick embryo cell cultures infected with attenuated mumps virus 1 Clarification 2 Freeze-drying Infectivity titration in cell cultures Tests to exclude presence of extraneous viruses... 

Notes Measles, mumps and rubella vaccines are generally administered in the form of a combined measles/mumps/rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine). 

Propagated outbreaks of infection relate to the direct transmission of an infective agent from a diseased individual to a healthy, susceptible one. Mechanisms of such transmission were described in Chapter 4 and include inhalation of infective aerosols (measles, mumps, diphtheria), direct physical contact (syphilis, herpes virus) and, where sanitation standards are poor, through the introduction of infected faecal material into drinking water (cholera, typhoid). The ease oftransmission, and hence the rate of onset of an epidemic (Fig. 16.3) relates not only to the susceptibility status, and general state of health of the individuals but also to the virulence properties of the organism, the route oftransmission, the duration of the infective period associated with the disease. 

Measles, mumps and rubella (German measles) are infectious diseases, with respiratory routes of transmission and infection, caused by members of the paramyxovirus group. Each virus is immunologically distinct and has only one serotype. Whilst the primary multiplication sites of these viruses is within the respiratory tract, the diseases are associated with viral multiplication elsewhere in the host. 

Rubella Vaccine, Live Mumps Vaccine, rDNA Hepatitis B Vaccine, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Erythropoietin, and Factor IX etcetera. 

IGIM should be injected into a deltoid or gluteal muscle. It does not affect the immune response of inactivated vaccines, oral polio virus, or yellow fever vaccine. The administration of live vaccines [e.g., measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine] concomitantly with IGIM may decrease the immune response significantly thus, MMR and varicella vaccine should be delayed for at least 3 and 5 months, respectively, after IGIM has been administered. Additionally, IGIM should not be given within 2 weeks of the MMR administration or within 3 weeks of the varicella vaccine to maximize the efficacy of the immunization.1... 

Measles, mumps, rubella MMR 0.5 mL Subcutaneous Allergic reaction to gelatin or neomycin Pregnant women Immunocompromised host Recently received a blood transfusion Severe egg allergy... 

Mumps is usually thought of as a disease of children, but it has also gained notoriety as a prominent illness affecting military units. Mumps produces a typical acute parotitis, but may also... 

Since the introduction of the mumps vaccine in 1967 there has been a 99% reduction in reported cases. The mumps vaccine is a live virus preparation of the leryl-Lynn strain. It produces a sub-clinical, non-communicable infection following vaccination. Single doses of mumps vaccine will elicit immunity in 75% to 95% of individuals. Vaccine-induced immunity lasts for more than 30 years. 

---