Analytical data

X-Ray fluorescence is widely used in the analysis of modern refractories, including boron nitride, together with standard analytical methods [48]. Radiation-induced products in a-BN can be studied with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) [49]. Transmission electron microscopy using bright field and dark field imaging and selected area electron diffraction was used to study a-BN ceramics formed by pyrolysis of organyl-substituted amino-borazine precursors. These ceramics are mainly amorphous with pockets of microfibrils or microcrystallites [50]. 

Charged-particle activation analysis has been used for the determination of oxygen in a boron nitride matrix for details, see [55]. Boron carbide contained in y-BN is determined by 

(Jinshu Xuebao 24 [1988] B139/B141 from C.A. 109 [1988] No. 214678). 

Tanuma, S. Okabe, K. (Japan. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62-212205 [1987] from C.A. 108 [1988] No. 78222). 

---

On the other hand, a lot of material is lost in the chromatography and work-up procedures ( 40%), and the analytical data provided are not very convincing, either (except for TLC). 

The focus of this chapter has been the evaluation of analytical data, including the use of statistics. In this final section we consider how statistics may be used to characterize a method s ability to detect trace amounts of an analyte. 

The focus of this chapter is on the two principal components of a quality assurance program quality control and quality assessment. In addition, considerable attention is given to the use of control charts for routinely monitoring the quality of analytical data. 

Gairns, T. Rogers, W. M. Acceptable Analytical Data for Trace Analysis, Anal. Chem. 1993, 55, 54A-57A. 

LynestrenoL Lynestrenol (73) has been used in oral contraceptives and to treat menstrual disorders. It is converted in vivo to its active metabohte norethindrone (102,103). It can be recrystallized from methanol, and is soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, and acetone, and insoluble in water (102). The crystal stmcture (104) and other spectral and analytical data have been reported for lynestrenol (62). 

Table 1. Thermal Analytical Data for Some Poly(alkyl/arylphosphazenes)...

A laboratory information management system (LIMS) is a computer or computer network used to automate the acquisition and management of raw analytical data. In its simplest form, it tracks samples and test results through analytical laboratories and provides summaries of the status of these samples and tests. In its most advanced form, the system is interfaced to the laboratory s instmmentation and communication network to allow automation of data gathering, compilation, and reporting. 

Dietary Copper. Analytical data indicate that many diets contain less than the RDA for copper (109). Excessive copper has been reported to be fatal for oral dose levels of copper sulfate of 200 mg/kg body weight for a child and 50 mg/kg for adults. 

Minerals. Nuts are considered to be a good source of minerals essential for nutrition, supplying elements of copper, manganese, iron, and sulfur (see Mineral nutrients). The values for the mineral constituents of many nuts shown in Table 2 are averages of available analytical data. Values for the mineral content of the peanut kernel (28) and ash constituents in the macadamia kernel (29) and cashew (26) have also been reported. Chufa nuts have a high sihcon content. 

Is the record complete in providing analytical data or referring to the place where analytical data can be found ... 

Conclusions. The impact of plasticizers on the environment is very low and is diminishing as evidenced by analytical data showiag that the levels of phthalates ia surface waters and sediments are decreasiag. This is despite the fact that their usage has continued to iacrease aimuaHy and is most likely due to improved emission controls and wastewater treatment. 

Statistical Control. Statistical quahty control (SQC) is the apphcation of statistical techniques to analytical data. Statistical process control (SPC) is the real-time apphcation of statistics to process or equipment performance. Apphed to QC lab instmmentation or methods, SPC can demonstrate the stabihty and precision of the measurement technique. The SQC of lot data can be used to show the stabihty of the production process. Without such evidence of statistical control, the quahty of the lab data is unknown and can result in production challenging adverse test results. Also, without control, measurement bias cannot be determined and the results derived from different labs cannot be compared (27). 

Sampling is the operation of removing a portion from a bulk material for analysis in such a way that the portion removed has representative physical and chemical properties of that bulk material. From a statistical point of view, sampling is expected to provide analytical data from which some property of the material may be determined. These data should have known and controlled errors and be produced at low cost. 

A given enzyme may be assayed by its action on soluble substrates under chemical and physical conditions different from those encountered in a real-life wash. Such experiments indicate the enzyme s performance with respect to pH and temperature variations, or in conjunction with other soluble substances, etc. The analytical data thus obtained are not necessarily representative of the wash performance of the enzyme, and real wash trials are necessary to evaluate wash performance of detergent enzymes. 

Continuous esterification of acetic acid in an excess of -butyl alcohol with sulfuric acid catalyst using a four-plate single bubblecap column with reboiler has been studied (55). The rate constant and the theoretical extent of reaction were calculated for each plate, based on plate composition and on the total incoming material to the plate. Good agreement with the analytical data was obtained. 

---