Maleic acid Methyl ether

Complex formation in aqueous solution between the maleic acid-methyl vinyl ether copolymer (Gantrez S) and polyethylenimine have been studied by turbidity and conductance measurements.The composition of the complex depended on the pH of the medium. At pH 4.7, the complexation proceeded in 1 1 stoichiometry for polyethylenimine of molecular weight... 

Polyelectrolyte Alternate copolymer maleic acid-methyl vinyl ether Polyacrylic acid Polyethylene-sulfonic acid Polyphosphate ... 

Ethyl and butyl esters of poly(vinyl methyl ether)/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA) copolymer were introduced in the early 1960s for use in hair sprays. These polymers also have free carboxy acid groups that can be neutralized. Recommended neutralization is 10%, but products can be found in the range of 5—30%, and recommended neutralizers include ammonium hydroxide, aminomethyl propanol, and triisopropano1 amine. These were the most widely used polymers in hair sprays before their use decreased dramatically in the early 1990s. 

A warm solution of 6.5 g (0.02 mol) of 6-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo-[13-a] [1,4] -benzodiazepine in 30 ml of ethenol wes combined with a warm solution of 2.6 g (0.022 mol) of maleic acid in 20 ml of ethenol. The mixture was diluted with 150 ml of ether and heated on the steam bath for 3 minutes. After cooling, the crystals were collected, washed with ether and dried in vacuo to yield 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazoM, 5-a] [1,4] -benzodiazepine maleete, melting point 148°C to 151°C. 

A solution of N-(2-aminobenzvl)-1-phenyl-2-metKylaminoethanol-1 was prepared by the reaction of a-bromo-acetophenone and (2-nitrobenzyl)methylamine, followed by hydrogenation of the nitro group by means of nickei on diatomaceous earth at room temperature and reduction of the CO group by means of sodium borohydride. The intermediate thus produced was dissolved in 100 ml of methylene chloride and introduced dropwise into 125 ml of sulfuric acid at 10° to 15°C. After a short standing, the reaction mixture was poured onto ice and rendered alkaline by means of a sodium hydroxide solution. Dy extraction with ether, there was obtained 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-8-amino-iso-quinoline. The base is reacted with maleic acid to give the maleate melting point of the maleate 199° to 201°C (from ethanol). 

The strength of ion binding is enhanced when the arrangements of the functional groups permit chelate formation (Begala Strauss, 1972). Thus, magnesium is more firmly bound to poly(vinyl methyl ether-maleic acid) than to either poly(acrylic acid) or poly(ethylene maleic add). 

Experimental studies of the adsorption of polyelectrolyte have been reported by several authors Pefferkom, Dejardin, and Varoqui (3) measured the hydrodynamic thickness of an alternating copolymer of maleic acid and ethyl vinyl ether adsorbed on the pore walls in cellulose ester filter as a function of the molecular weight and the concentration of NaCl. Robb et al. (4) studied the adsorption of carboxy methyl cellulose and poly (acrylic acid) onto surfaces of insoluble inorganic salts. However, their studies are limited to the measurements of adsorbance and the fraction of adsorbed segments. 

Crosslinking of amine- or hydroxy-terminated PAMAM dendrimers using cyclic anhydride - amine or cyclic anhydride - hydroxy addition reactions was employed for preparation of crosslinked thin films of very low permeability [73], Polyanhydrides, such as maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymers, were used as crosslinking components. In the case of amine-terminated PAMAM, crosslinking and chemical stability were further increased by imidization of the maleamic acid groups retro-Michael eliminations were followed by Michael additions to further crosslink the film. 

Triclosan is retained in dental plaque for at least 8 hours, which in addition to its broad antibacterial property could make it suitable for use as an antiplaque agent in oral care preparations. However, the compound is rapidly released from oral tissues, resulting in relatively poor antiplaque properties as assessed in clinical studies of plaque formation. This observation is further corroborated by a poor correlation between minimal inhibitory concentration values generated in vitro and clinical plaque inhibitory properties of triclosan. Improvement of substantivity was accomplished by incorporation of triclosan in a polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid copolymer (PVM/MA, Gantrez). With the combination of PVM/MA copolymer and triclosan, the substantivity of the triclosan was increased to 12 hours in the oral cavity. 

Alkyl monoesters of poly(vinyl methyl ether-maleic anhydride) (PVM-MA) are bioerodible acidic polymers that are used to control drug release. In biological fluids with poor buffering capacity, drug release from the polymers and their dissolution are slowed owing to the lower pH on the polymer surface. We studied whether the release of timolol from matrices of monoisopropyl ester of PVM-MA in vitro and in vivo in rabbits eyes could be affected by disodium phosphate in the matrices. Addition of disodium phosphate to the matrices doubled the release rate of timolol in vitro, but it did not affect the bulk pH of the dissolution medium. On the basis of the timolol concentrations in the tear fluid and in systemic circulation, disodium phosphate seems to accelerate drug release in vivo also. Disodium phosphate probably affects the rate of dmg release by increasing the microenvironmental pH on the polymer surface. 

Bioerodible alkyl monoesters of poly(vinyl methyl ether-maleic anhydride) (PVM-MA) (Fig. 1) can be used to control drug release. Being acidic, ionizable polymers the pH of the disolution medium affects the rate of polymer dissolution [1]. 

Diazomethane furnishes the methyl ether which has been degraded to 3-methoxyfuran which, however, is more easily available from 3-iodofuran. 3-Methoxyfuran is cleaved by acid to furan-3(2H)-one. Other 3-furanols with ester, acetyl or benzoyl substituents at the 2-position are also available. They exist in the enolic form but their chemistry has not been investigated (76JCS(P1)1688>. Furan-3(2H)-ones with acetyl or ester substituents at the 4-position are readily available. They exist in the keto form but show some evidence for enolic behaviour and their chemistry is similar to that of enolizable ketones. They enter into cycloaddition with maleic anhydride, are alkylated at the 2-position, condense with aldehydes and ketones and are oxidized by LTA to the 2-acetoxy compounds (74BSF2061). 

Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMAC)... 

Narayanan, K.S., M. Singh, and R.K. Chaudhuri (1993). The reduction of herbicide leaching using vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers and methyl vinyl ether maleic acid ester copolymers. In P.D. Berger, B.N. Devisetty, and F.R. Hall, eds., Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems, Vol. 13. Philadelphia, PA American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 57-75. 

To a solution of 13.6 g (0.08 mol) of N-hexylpiperazine and 8.1 g (11.2 ml), (0.08 mol) of triethylamine in 120 ml toluene, was added 15.6 g (0.08 mol) of N-isobutyl-benzimidoyl chloride over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for a period of 2 hours. The triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off and the filtrate concentrated under vacuum. The residual oily base was washed with 20 ml water, extracted with 50 ml ether and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The dry ethereal solution was then added to a solution of 18.6 g (0.16 mol) maleic acid in 800 ml ether to obtain the dimaleate salt. Two recrystallizations from ethanol yielded 22.5 g (50.2%) of N-[(4-hexyl-l-piperazinyl)phenylmethylene]-2-methyl-l-propanamine product, M.P. 175°-176°C. 

Uses The alicyclic hydrocarbons have numerous industrial applications. Cyclopropane (C3H6) is used as an anesthetic. Cyclohexane (CgH ) is used as a chemical intermediate as an organic solvent for oils, fats, waxes, and resins and for the extraction of essential oils in perfume manufacturing industries. Cyclohexene (C6H10) is used in the manufacture of maleic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, and adipic acid. Methyl cyclohexane (C7H14) is used for the production of organic synthetics such as cellulose ethers. These compounds are used in different industries such as adipic acid makers, benzene makers, fat processors, fungicide makers, lacquerers, nylon makers, oil processors, paint removers, plastic molders, resin makers, rubber makers, varnish removers, and wax makers. 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is utilized as a component of starch-based adhesives.11121114 Other patents report the use of partially oxidized starch,1115 dextrins,1116 dextrins and urea,1117 borax,1118 boric acid,1119 and vinyl methyl ether-maleic acid copolymers.1120 Other patents indicate the use of poly (vinyl alcohol) with partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate),1121 nonhy-drolyzed poly(vinyl acetate),1122 and poly(vinyl chloride).1123 A few patents have reported such poly acrylic additives as poly (acrylic acid)1124 and its salts,1125 poly(acrylamide),1126 1127 A-methylacrylamide or poly(A-acryl-amide),1128 and polyethyleneimine.1129 Polystyrene has also been used,1130 as well as more complex copolymers such as a maleic acid monobutyl ester-methyl vinyl ether copolymer, together with dextrin and polyacrylamide),1131 carboxylated ethyl acrylate-styrene zinc salt copolymer,1132 ethylene-methyl acrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer,1133 vinyl acetate-vinyl pyr-rolidone copolymer,1134 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.1135 Some adhesives are compounded with SBR latex1136 1138 and phenol-formaldehyde resins.1139... 

In a very recent publication, Bergbreiter, and co-workers studied the extension of this concept using the pH value as a regulatory variable [20 b]. A phosphine-modified polyacid (a copolymer from methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid anhydride, Gantrez ) was taken as a ligand for rhodium. The rate of hydrogenation of various unsaturated substrates was reversibly modified by tuning the pH value. 

C4H404 maleic acid 110-16-7 4.221 3871 C4H10O methyl isopropyl ether 598-53-8 3.125... 

Fig. 3 CCC separation of polar organic acids by cross-axis CPC. Experimental eonditions apparatus, cross-axis CPC equipped with a pair of eeeentrie eoil assemblies, 1 mm ID and 26.5 mL total column capacity sample, (A) maleic acid (3 mg) andfumaric acid (3 mg) (B) tartaric acid (5 mg), succinic acid (5 mg) and fumaric acid (2.5 mg) solvent system, methyl t-butyl ether/1-butanol/aeetonitrile/aqueous 0.1% trifluoroaeetie acid (A) (1 0 0 1) (B) (2 0 2 3) mobile phase, lower phase flow rate, 0.4 mL/min revolution, 800 rpm. SF = solvent front.

Neutral or negatively charged polymeric resins are commonly employed to provide styling benefits in products such as mousses, gels, hairsprays, and setting lotions. Typical examples in use today are the copolymer of vinyl acetate and cro-tonic acid, the copolymer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate (PVP/VA), the ethyl ester of the copolymer of polyvinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA), and the copolymer of octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate (Amphomer). 

A mixture of calendic acid methyl ester 1 (3 mmol, 1.50 g) and maleic anhydride (5 mmol, 0.49 g) was heated for 2h at 150 °C under nitrogen. The reaction was followed by thin-layer chromatography [petroleum ether-diethyl ether (7 3), Rf 1=0.60, Rf 3=0.23], Purification of product 3 was achieved by column chromatography [silica gel using petroleum ether/diethyl ether (7 3) and petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (1 1) as eluent]. Fractions containing product 3 were collected and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Compound 3 was recrystallized from petroleum ether/diethyl ether (4 1). 

The reactivity of 4,6-benzo[/ ][l,7]naphthyridine in Diels-Alder reactions with maleic acid and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was examined. The reaction afforded adduct 332 (1996MI5). 6-Ethoxycarbonyl- 333a and phenacylmethylides 333b were used as 1,3-dipolar reagents in reactions with methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, butyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ketone, maleic anhydride and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (1996MI5, 1999AJC149). 

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