Malaria inflammation

P. i. are of therapeutic significance for, among others, the following clinical situations microbial infections, viral infections, parasitic diseases (e.g., malaria), inflammations, asthma, metastases and tumor growth, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer s) as well as for coagulation processes, immunological interventions, and apoptosis. 

Iron-deficiency anaemia results from a discrepancy between iron availability and the amount required for production of red blood cells. The causes of acquired iron deficiency in so-called underdeveloped and developed countries must be differentiated. In underdeveloped countries, the main causes of iron deficiency are (a) the poor availability of iron in the diet due to low haem and high fibre and phytate content (D Souza et ah, 1987), and (b) chronic blood loss due to hookworm, schistosomiasis and malaria (Stoltzfus et ah, 1997 Olsen et ah, 1998 Dreyfuss et ah, 2000). Inflammation and vitamin A deficiency often interfere with the above causes of iron deficiency, causing a mixed type of anaemia. In underdeveloped countries diet improvement, iron fortification of natural foods and eradication of parasites will have a much higher impact than will refinement of diagnostic procedures and therapy of iron-deficiency anaemia. 

In histomorphological terms, hepatitis means inflammation of the liver . The factor causing the disease may spread from the initially or predominantly affected mesenchyma to the liver cells (such as in kala-azar and malaria), or the primarily or mainly affected Hver cells may subsequently incorporate the mesen-ch)mia into the damaging process (as for example in yellow fever). In leptospirosis and herpes virus infection, the morphological finding is determined almost exclusively by changes in the parenchyma, while mesench)mial reactions are hardly or not at all present. 

Malaria illustrates both the possibilities and the drawbacks of infectious disease as a solution to the problems of old age. To our shame, given the lack of real political will to eradicate it, malaria still affects half a billion people every year. The most feared complication, cerebral malaria, is caused by inflammation of the tiny blood vessels in the brain, which leads to fever, convulsions, coma and death in more than a million people each year. As we have seen, inflammation and fever are part of the reaction of the host to infection. If someone dies of cerebral malaria, they die more through the violence of their own immune system s counter-attack than through the virulence of the parasite. 

Baccharis genistelloides Lam. = Baccharis trimera (Lam.) Pers. ( Carqueja , Charara ) is used for liver disorders and as an antithermic. Other popular uses in Brazil include digestive disorders, malaria, diabetes, ulcers, sore throat and tonsilitis, anaemia, diarrhoea, indigestion, urinary inflammation, intestinal worms and leprosy [16,17],... 

By warding off biting insects, DEET protects against the diseases they carry. Mosquitoes, for example, carry diseases such as malaria, one of the most serious diseases in the world, responsible for an estimated three millions deaths a year encephalitis, an infection that causes inflammation and swelling of the brain and West Nile virus, an organism that affects the central nervous system and poses a serious threat to both humans and other animals. Ticks carry Lyme disease, an infection spread hy the deer tick that causes a skin rash, joint pain, and flu-like symptoms that can develop into a debilitating and permanent health problem if not treated early. 

Traditional use This is a well-known herb to all Central Asian people. Avicenna used the plant as an analgesic for patients with sciatic nerve inflammation. In folk medicine the herb is used in baths to treat rheumatism, scabies, and other skin diseases. A decoction or infusion of the plant is drunk to treat common colds, malaria, fever, syphilis, neurasthenia, and epilepsy, and is also used as a mouth wash to treat gum disease. The smoke of the burning herb is good for headaches for epileptic diseases the patient s room is filled with the smoke. A decoction of the seeds mixed with flax seeds is recommended for asthma and breathlessness, it is mixed with chili pepper to treat syphilis, and it is used as a diuretic and diaphoretic (Khalmatov et al. 1984 Gammerman et al. 1990). In Tajikistan smoke from the plant is used to treat paralytics. The leaves are used as a poultice to treat swelling (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Traditional use This species has been used for centuries. Avicenna used the leaves as a hemostatic, to heal wounds, tumors, eye inflammation, chronic skin ulcers, and elephantitis as well as for liver and kidney diseases. In more recent times the plant has been used to treat lung tuberculosis, pertussis, stomach catarrh with low acidity, acute gastritis, enterocolitis, stomach and duodenum ulcers, and as a hemostatic (Khahnatov et al. 1984). A tea made from the dried leaves is used to treat coughing, diarrhea, dysentery (with tea from seeds is most effective), inflammation of the bladder, and malaria, and as an expectorant (Altimishev 1991). 

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