Deer tick

Deer ticks are known to cause Lyme disease. The presence of DEET (diethyltoluamide) in insect repellents protects the user from the ticks. The molecular formula for DEET is C12H,7NO. How many grams of carbon can be obtained from 127 g of DEET ... 

Borrelia burgdorferi 1.44/1637 (43)2) Lyme disease - transmitted to humans by infected deer ticks. This disease is a growing problem... 

More deer ticks lead to more Lyme disease... 

ILLUSTRATION 17 In the northeastern United States, the annual fluctuation in Lyme disease depends on the interaction of deer, bacteria-carrying deer ticks, mice, oaks, and gypsy moths. 

The simplest chemical compound that attracts adult deer ticks is carbon dioxide, which is in the breath of all mammals. In one experiment designed to study this effect, investigators first dusted 120 ticks with a fluorescent powder to render these tiny creatures more visible and then released them at various distances from a carbon dioxide-baited trap. After six days, the average distance a deer tick had crawled to reach the trap was 1.8 meters (a little less than 6 feet), or 600 body-lengths for a 3-millimeter tick. This is steady progress toward the carbon dioxide source but rather slow locomotion compared with many insects and even other ticks. 

All mammals exhale carbon dioxide, however, so it is not a specific attractant. Most often, adult deer ticks choose a white-tailed... 

The causative agent in Lyme disease is a spirochetal bacterium (Borrelia burgdorferi) that is transmitted directly through the bite of a deer tick. Optic neittopathy can occur due to Lyme disease and manifests as papillitis, retrobulbar neuropathy, or ischemic optic neiu-opathy. Serologic testing may help to identify Lyme infection by use of indirect immunofluorescent assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The treatment of Lyme disease includes oral or intravenous peniciUin, doxycycUne, erythromycin, or ceftriaxone. 

Medical studies to date do not support the preventative use of antibiotics after a tick bite, even if the tick has been identified as a deer tick. 

In the early 1980s, the vector for the disease - blacklegged ticks - and the causative agent - the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi - were identified. These ticks, also known as deer ticks, are much smaller than ticks commonly found in pets and farm animals. Most often, they become infected after feeding on rodents, which serve as reservoirs for the Borrelia bacteria. 

By warding off biting insects, DEET protects against the diseases they carry. Mosquitoes, for example, carry diseases such as malaria, one of the most serious diseases in the world, responsible for an estimated three millions deaths a year encephalitis, an infection that causes inflammation and swelling of the brain and West Nile virus, an organism that affects the central nervous system and poses a serious threat to both humans and other animals. Ticks carry Lyme disease, an infection spread hy the deer tick that causes a skin rash, joint pain, and flu-like symptoms that can develop into a debilitating and permanent health problem if not treated early. 

Babesiosis A group of tick-bome diseases of mammals including zoonoses in humans. They are caused by protozoans of the genus babesia, which parasitize erythrocytes, produdng hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism s natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick ixodes scapularis. [nih]... 

A system for managing tick vectors of human Lyme disease is currently sold in the United States. Consisting of a plastic box that allows white-footed mice, hosts for the nymphal deer tick vector Ixodes scapularis), to enter and receive a swipe of a liquid fipronil formulation on their backs, this system significantly reduces the number of adult and larval ticks on the mice, the infection rate of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi) in the mice and the number of host-seeking nymphs on treated properties [137]. The system effectively interrupts the natural disease cycle and can lead to reduced numbers of human cases of Lyme disease when used properly. 

Lyme disease Disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, carried by the deer tick. 

Entrance through breaks in the skin from penetrating or crushing trauma. Persons handing jute or contact with manure. Inhalation, contact with lesions. Silica workers, people exposed to heat and organic dusts, medical personnel, animal caretakers. Bite by infected deer tick. Contact with brush, shrubs, garden lawn, soil, mulch. Persons active outdoors such as gardeners, hikers, campers, hunters, and outdoor workers. 

Lyme disease—Lyme disease is a tick-bome disease that can cause severe arthritis, neurological disorders, and/or heart problems if left umecognized and undiagnosed. The bite of infected deer ticks in the adult or nymph stage transmits the disease to humans. 

J. E. Feaster, M. A. Scialdone, R. G. Todd, Y. I. Gonzalez, J. P. Foster, and D. L. HaUahan, Dihydronepetalactones deter feeding activity by mosquitoes, stable flies, and deer ticks. Journal of Medical Entomology, 46 832-840, 2009. 

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