Diagnostic procedures

The following table 1 gives brief presentation of physical methods used for this or that diagnostic procedure. 

Castor oil is a cathartic only after Hpolysis in the small intestine Hberating ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid inhibits the absorption of water and electrolytes. It is commonly used for preparation of the large bowel for diagnostic procedures. 

Radiolabeled folate provides a powerful tool for folate bioavaHabiUty studies in animals and for diagnostic procedures in humans. Deuteration at the 3- and 5-positions of the central benzene ring of foHc acid (31) was accompHshed by catalytic debromination (47,48) or acid-cataly2ed exchange reaction (49). Alternatively, deuterium-labeled fohc acid (32) was prepared by condensing pteroic acid with commercially available labeled glutamic acid (50). 

Propofol (Diprivan) is used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It also may be used for sedation during diagnostic procedures and procedures that use a local anestiietic. This drug also is used for continuous sedation of intubated or respiratory-controlled patients in intensive care units. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the principal technique for the identification of organic compounds and is among the leading techniques for the determination of their structures. The technique has also been developed, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a diagnostic procedure in medicine. 

If the reagent is intended for an earlier stage laboratory investigation, then the label should state For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. ... 

LAs are not often used as a single substance, but are mixed preparations with adrenaline and preservatives. This has to be differentiated by the diagnostic procedure [9]. Pharmacologic effects of adrenaline (paleness, tachycardia, hypertension, feeling of fear) have to be differentiated from anaphylactic reactions to the LA substance [10]. 

The field of anaphylactic reactions to LAs is difficult there is still a need for research regarding the pathophysiology, but also for maybe more efficient and less risky diagnostic procedures. 

Patient Encounter 1, Part 2 Physical Examination, Laboratory Tests, and Diagnostic Procedures ... 

Minimizing the quantity of contrast media administered may be beneficial in preventing nephropathy. Some studies, but not all, have directly associated dose of contrast media and nephrotoxicity. Avoidance of contrast dye with alternative diagnostic procedures should be considered in high-risk patients, but may not always be feasible. In addition, avoidance of multiple contrast studies in a short time period will allow renal function to return to normal between procedures. 

Diagnostic procedures include dark-field microscopy12, non-treponemal exams10 (i.e., the Venereal Disease Laboratory and the rapid plasma reagin test), and treponemal exams (i.e., enzyme immunoassay, the T. pallidum hemagglutination test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). 

Several topically applied local anesthetics are routinely used by the eye care specialist in certain routine diagnostic procedures and for various relatively simple surgical procedures such as insertion of punctal plugs and surgical vision correction. The first of these to be used was cocaine, in concentrations ranging from 1 to 4% [30]. More modern local anesthetics, however, such as tetracaine hydrochloride and proparacaine hydrochloride, have replaced cocaine as drugs of choice in these procedures. For surgical procedures of a more complex nature, lidocaine hydrochloride and similar local anesthetics as retrobulbar injections have been used [31]. 

Work-over fluids are used routinely to kill wells for remedial operations, wash-out fill, or provide a safe environment for special logging or other well diagnostic procedures. In such operations it is often necessary to store the work-over fluid in tanks at the well site. TKPP solutions are stable even at sub-freezing temperatures, which provides a distinct advantage over solutions of halide salts that sometimes crystallize at ambient conditions encountered in rig operation. The avoidance of a crystallization problem coupled with the noncorrosive nature of TKPP work-over fluids makes them attractive with respect to other clear work-over fluids now popular in the industry. 

Mitra S, Wassmann R, Jain MC, Pathak H. Properties of rice soils affecting methane production potentials 1. Temporal patterns and diagnostic procedures. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 2002 64 169-182. 

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