Lymphoblastoid cell line

The mechanism of inhibition has not been characterized, but it is probably related to the ionophoretic properties of these antibiotics. Monensin has been shown to inhibit the intracellular transport of viral membrane proteins of cells infected with Semliki Forest vims (169). The formation of syncytia, normally observed when T-lymphoblastoid cell line (CEM) cells are cocultivated with human immunodeficiency vims (HlV-l)-infected T-ceU leukemia cell line (MOLT-3) cells, was significantly inhibited in the presence of monensin (170). This observation suggests that the viral glycoproteins in the treated cells were not transported to the cell surface from the Golgi membrane. 

Joubert-Caron R et al. Protein analysis by mass spectrometry and sequence database searching a proteomic approach to identify human lymphoblastoid cell line proteins. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2566— 2575. 

Toda T et al. Proteomic analysis of Ep-stein-Barr virus-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines before and after immortalization. Electrophoresis 2000 21 1814-1822. 

Diamond DL, Zhang Y, Gaiger A, et al. Use of ProteinChip array surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify thymosin beta-4, a differentially secreted protein from lymphoblastoid cell lines. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2003 14 760-765. 

In addition to recombinant biopharmaceuticals, animal cell culture is used to produce various other biologically based pharmaceuticals. Chief amongst these are a variety of vaccines and hy-bridoma cell-produced monoclonal antibodies (Chapter 13). Earlier interferon preparations were also produced in culture by a particular lymphoblastoid cell line (the Namalwa cell line), which was found to synthesize high levels of several IFN-a s naturally (Chapter 8). 

Fusion of human lymphocytes with human lymphoblastoid cell lines is a very inefficient process. Fusion of human lymphocytes with murine myeloma cells lead to very unstable hybrids. Upon fusion, preferential loss of human genetic elements is often observed. Unfortunately, particularly common is the loss of chromosomes 2,14 and 22, which encode antibody light and heavy chain loci. The production yields of human monoclonals upon immortalization of the human B-lymphocyte (by whatever means) are also low. 

Crespi CL, Seixas GM, Turner TR, et al. 1985. Mutagenicity of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Mutat Res 142 133-140. 

B-lymphoblastoid cell line II Sister chromatid exchange Rat liver S-9 + - Shiraishi 1986... 

Shiraishi Y. 1986. Hypersensitive eharacter of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines usable for sensitive eareinogen detection. Mut Res 175(3) 179-187. 

Shiraishi Y Hypersensitive character of Bloom s)mdrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines usable for sensitive carcinogen detection. MutatRes 175 179-187, 1986... 

Phan SC, Morotomi M, Guillem JG, LoGerfo P, Weinstein IB (1991) Decreased levels of 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol in human colon tumors. Cancer Res 51 1571-1573 Piovesan B, Pennell N, Berinstein NL (1998) Human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing mutant p53 exhibit decreased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Oncogene 17 2339-2350... 

The mouse lymphoma assay is in fact just one of several mammalian cell assays designed to determine increases in mutation rate. It focuses on the thymidine kinase (tk) assay in murine lymphoma cells (L5178Y), though tk data have also been produced from the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6, and at the hgprt (hypox-anthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase) locus in Chinese Hamster ovary or lung (V79) cells and mouse lymphoma cells. Since Ames mutation data and often... 

Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is capable of inducing cellular transformation, few antibody-producing B lymphocytes display the viral cell surface receptor. Most, therefore, are immune to EBV infection. Even upon successful transformation, most produce low-affinity IgM antibodies, and the cells are often unstable. Having said that, one monoclonal antibody approved for medical use (Humaspect, Table 10.4) is produced by a human lymphoblastoid cell line originally transformed by EBV. 

Penman, B. W., L. Chen, H. V. Gelboin, F. J. Gonzalez, and C. L. Crespi, Development of a Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Constitutively Expressing Human CYP1A1 cDNA Substrate Specificity with Model Substrates and Promutagens, Carcinogenesis, 15, 1931-1937(1994). 

CMP, CDP, CTP, and synthetic derivatives of these nueleotides have been found to inhibit sialyltransferase activity.301" 02 Interest in such inhibitors is increasing, as they may be expected to serve as anticancer agents.269 901,303 Therefore, regulation of Golgi sialyltransferase activity appears possible by nucleotides as products of sialyl- and other glycosyl-transferase activities.1" 2 Interestingly, Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B, lymphoblastoid cell-lines leads to a diminution of sialyltransferase activity.304... 

Use of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines FOR Pharmacogenomic Discovery Relevance to Drug Toxicities in Humans Acknowledgements References... 

Until recently, only a few studies have utilized human lymphocytes or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from the CEPH to identify heritable traits related to drug sensitivity or other drug-induced pharmacodynamic parameters (3,4). However, these studies are providing evidence for the broad applicability of this approach to pharmacogenomic research. 

Gene expression, a determinant of a cell s characteristics, is another phenotype that can be studied using lymphoblastoid cell lines. Studies have shown that gene expression levels in humans differ not only among cell types within an individual, but also among individuals (16,31). As a result, there have been several recent studies that have identified polymorphic genetic variants that influence gene expression levels (15,25,32). 

Sugimoto M, Tahara H, Ide T et al. Steps involved in immortalization and tumorigenesis in human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines transformed by Epstein-Barr virus. Cancer Res 2004 64 3361-3364. 

Several studies published since March 1996 have expanded the list of in vitro integrase inhibitors effective at IC50 values below 100 pM. These include two dicaffeoylquinic acids obtained from medicinal plants and a synthetic analog, L-chicoric acid [68], the HIV protease inhibitors NSC 117027 and NSC 158393 [69], certain anthraquinone derivatives [70], coumermycin, and pyridoxal phosphate [71]. In addition to exhibiting in vitro inhibition, the dicaffeoylquinic acids effectively inhibited HIV-1 replication in T-lymphoblastoid cell lines [68]. 

Glycerol kinase activity can be determined from leukocytes, fibroblasts, transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, or liver tissue [11]. Individuals with GKD also have decreased GK activity in other tissues including kidney, small intestines, and adrenal glands [5]. The kinase activity can be assessed directly by measuring glycerol phosphorylation, or indirectly by incorporation or oxidation. 

Cohen, M.M., Fruchtman, C.E., Simpson, S.J. Martin. A.O. (1982) The cytogenetic response of Fanconi s anemia lymphoblastoid cell lines to various clastogens. Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 34, 230-240... 

In vitro in animal cells, DNA repair and hprt gene mutations were induced by 1,2-di-chloroethane. Cell transformation was observed in Syrian hamster embryo cells in a single study but not in two independent studies with BALB/c-3T3 cells. 1,2-Dichloro-ethane induced gene mutations in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. 

Ethylene dibromide induced gene mutations, sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal aberrations and cell transformation in animal cells. It induced mutations in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines, AHH-1 and TK6 in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation. Administration of radiolabelled ethylene dibromide to Wistar rats and BALB/c mice resulted in binding to DNA, RNA and proteins. [The nature of the binding was not characterized.]... 

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