Lymphoblastoid cells

The mechanism of inhibition has not been characterized, but it is probably related to the ionophoretic properties of these antibiotics. Monensin has been shown to inhibit the intracellular transport of viral membrane proteins of cells infected with Semliki Forest vims (169). The formation of syncytia, normally observed when T-lymphoblastoid cell line (CEM) cells are cocultivated with human immunodeficiency vims (HlV-l)-infected T-ceU leukemia cell line (MOLT-3) cells, was significantly inhibited in the presence of monensin (170). This observation suggests that the viral glycoproteins in the treated cells were not transported to the cell surface from the Golgi membrane. 

Abe, K., St. George-Hyslop, P.H., Tanzi, R.E., Kogure, K. (1991). Induction of amyloid precursor protein mRNA after heat shock in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells. Neurosci. Lett. 125, 169-171. 

Cancer now afflicts one out of four adults. One of the more promising therapies for certain kinds of cancers involves the use of interferon, a protein that occurs in minute quantities in the body where it is an essential part of the body s immune system. Interferon can be produced outside the body in cultures of transformed lymphoblastoid cells. A few years ago, it was possible to culture these human cells on scales up to a few hundred milliliters. Chemical engineers have now developed reactors for the aseptic culture of human cells on a scale 100,000 times larger, making it possible to produce human interferon in practical useful quantities. 

Lanza, D. L. Code, E. Crespi, C. L. Gonzalez, F. J. Yost, G. S. Specific dehydrogenation of 3-methylindole and epoxidation of naphthalene by recombinant human CYP2F1 expressed in lymphoblastoid cells. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1999, 27, 798-803. 

F8. Fujii, H., Chen, S.-H., Akatsuka, J Miwa, S., and Yoshida, A., Use of cultured lymphoblastoid cells for the study of abnormal enzymes Molecular abnormality of a phosphoglycerate kinase variant associated with hemolytic anemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78,2587-2590 (1981). 

Mazer, B., Domenico, J., Sawami, H. and Gelfand, E.W. (1991) Platelet-activating factor induces an increase in intracellular calcium and expression of regulatory genes in human B lymphoblastoid cells. Journal of Immunology 146, 1914-1920. 

Joubert-Caron R et al. Protein analysis by mass spectrometry and sequence database searching a proteomic approach to identify human lymphoblastoid cell line proteins. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2566— 2575. 

Toda T et al. Proteomic analysis of Ep-stein-Barr virus-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines before and after immortalization. Electrophoresis 2000 21 1814-1822. 

Diamond DL, Zhang Y, Gaiger A, et al. Use of ProteinChip array surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify thymosin beta-4, a differentially secreted protein from lymphoblastoid cell lines. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2003 14 760-765. 

In addition to recombinant biopharmaceuticals, animal cell culture is used to produce various other biologically based pharmaceuticals. Chief amongst these are a variety of vaccines and hy-bridoma cell-produced monoclonal antibodies (Chapter 13). Earlier interferon preparations were also produced in culture by a particular lymphoblastoid cell line (the Namalwa cell line), which was found to synthesize high levels of several IFN-a s naturally (Chapter 8). 

Wellferon was the tradename given to one of the first such approved products. Produced by large-scale mammalian (lymphoblastoid) cell cultures, the crude preparation undergoes extensive chromatographic purification, including two immunoaffinity steps. The final product contains nine IFN-a subtypes. 

Fusion of human lymphocytes with human lymphoblastoid cell lines is a very inefficient process. Fusion of human lymphocytes with murine myeloma cells lead to very unstable hybrids. Upon fusion, preferential loss of human genetic elements is often observed. Unfortunately, particularly common is the loss of chromosomes 2,14 and 22, which encode antibody light and heavy chain loci. The production yields of human monoclonals upon immortalization of the human B-lymphocyte (by whatever means) are also low. 

Cell lines U937 (human lymphoblastoid cells) and T-98G (human astrocytoma) were obtained from the collection of cell lines at the Influenza Research Institute. T-98G cells were grown on a DMEM medium with the addition of 10% calf serum, and U937 cells onRPMI1640 (Biolot, St. Petersburg) with 10% calf serum. 

It was also demonstrated that ceramides derived from sphingomyelin breakdown mediated by ASM are used for ganglioside biosynthesis, up to the generation of GD3. Indeed, lymphoblastoid cells derived from Niemann-... 

Crespi CL, Seixas GM, Turner TR, et al. 1985. Mutagenicity of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Mutat Res 142 133-140. 

DNA from any source can be utilized for pharmacogenetics research, including germline and tumor sources. Immortalized cell lines can provide an almost infinite DNA resource, and genotyping of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed immortalized lymphoblastoid cells has demonstrated similar allele frequencies to equivalent... 

B-lymphoblastoid cell line II Sister chromatid exchange Rat liver S-9 + - Shiraishi 1986... 

Shiraishi Y. 1986. Hypersensitive eharacter of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines usable for sensitive eareinogen detection. Mut Res 175(3) 179-187. 

Shiraishi Y Hypersensitive character of Bloom s)mdrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines usable for sensitive carcinogen detection. MutatRes 175 179-187, 1986... 

Phan SC, Morotomi M, Guillem JG, LoGerfo P, Weinstein IB (1991) Decreased levels of 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol in human colon tumors. Cancer Res 51 1571-1573 Piovesan B, Pennell N, Berinstein NL (1998) Human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing mutant p53 exhibit decreased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Oncogene 17 2339-2350... 

The mouse lymphoma assay is in fact just one of several mammalian cell assays designed to determine increases in mutation rate. It focuses on the thymidine kinase (tk) assay in murine lymphoma cells (L5178Y), though tk data have also been produced from the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6, and at the hgprt (hypox-anthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase) locus in Chinese Hamster ovary or lung (V79) cells and mouse lymphoma cells. Since Ames mutation data and often... 

Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is capable of inducing cellular transformation, few antibody-producing B lymphocytes display the viral cell surface receptor. Most, therefore, are immune to EBV infection. Even upon successful transformation, most produce low-affinity IgM antibodies, and the cells are often unstable. Having said that, one monoclonal antibody approved for medical use (Humaspect, Table 10.4) is produced by a human lymphoblastoid cell line originally transformed by EBV. 

Imanaka. A short-term in vitro assay for promoter substances using human lymphoblastoid cells latently infected with Epstein Barr virus. Cancer Lett 1981 13 29-37. 

Penman, B. W., L. Chen, H. V. Gelboin, F. J. Gonzalez, and C. L. Crespi, Development of a Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Constitutively Expressing Human CYP1A1 cDNA Substrate Specificity with Model Substrates and Promutagens, Carcinogenesis, 15, 1931-1937(1994). 

Hannigan, G.E., D.R. Gewert, E.N. Pish, S.E. Read, and B.R. Williams, Differential binding of human interferon-alpha sub-types to receptors on lymphoblastoid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1983. 110(2) 537 4. 

Ruzicka, F.J., M.E. Jach, and E.C. Borden, Binding of recombinant-produced interferon beta ser to human lymphoblastoid cells. Evidence for two binding domains. J Biol Chem, 1987. 262(33) 16142-9. 

CMP, CDP, CTP, and synthetic derivatives of these nueleotides have been found to inhibit sialyltransferase activity.301" 02 Interest in such inhibitors is increasing, as they may be expected to serve as anticancer agents.269 901,303 Therefore, regulation of Golgi sialyltransferase activity appears possible by nucleotides as products of sialyl- and other glycosyl-transferase activities.1" 2 Interestingly, Epstein-Barr virus infection of human B, lymphoblastoid cell-lines leads to a diminution of sialyltransferase activity.304... 

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