Lost time

An LTI is a lost time incident, mentioned earlier as an accident which causes one or more days away from work. A non-LTI injury does not result in time away from work. A near hit (often called a near miss) is an incident which causes no injury, but had the potential to do so (e.g. a falling object hitting the ground, but missing personnel). An example of an unsafe act would be a poorly secured ladder, where no incident occurs, but which potentially could have been the cause of an incident. 

Health and safety of personnel and loss prevention are paramount concerns of the chemical iadustry. Injuries and property damage have high costs, not the least of which are busiaess iatermption and loss of trained personnel or equipment. Over the years, worker fataUties have decreased and lost time has leveled, but property losses have iacreased. 

Type of Data In general, statistics deals with two types of data counts and measurements. Counts represent the number of discrete outcomes, such as the number of defective parts in a shipment, the number of lost-time accidents, and so forth. Measurement data are treated as a continuum. For example, the tensile strength of a synthetic yarn theoretically could be measured to any degree of precision. A subtle aspect associated with count and measurement data is that some types of count data can be dealt with through the application of techniques which have been developed for measurement data alone. This abihty is due to the fact that some simphfied measurement statistics sei ve as an excellent approximation for the more tedious count statistics. 

Introduction Many types of statistical applications are characterized by enumeration data in the form of counts. Examples are the number of lost-time accidents in a plant, the number of defective items in a sample, and the number of items in a sample that fall within several specified categories. 

Cut, erect, align, fit, bolt, thread or weld, and test Handle and haul, store, scaffold, lost time, tools and rentals, contractor s overhead and profit Craft rate, productivity, height, and complexity... 

Has there been an OSHA related lost time injury in the last three years If yes, explain ... 

Preparation for shutdown should be made as eomplete as possible to eliminate lost time and eonfusion at the beginning of the job. 

Let s consider some of the important cost factors of a JHA. These methods can help to improve job procedures and can help to reduce costs that result from absenteeism and workers compensation claims, as well as hidden costs that are usually overlooked. These hidden costs include management time for investigation lost time for other workers who experience some level of trauma hiring and training temporary workers bad publicity, poor product quality, employee morale OSHA citation/fines, court costs, and so on. Reduction of these costs can lead to increased productivity and improved cost to the bottom line. 

Cross-comparing the risks of various activities is difficult because of the lack of a common basis of comparison, however Cohen and Lee, 1979 provide such a comparison on the basis of loss of life expectancy. Solomon and Abraham, 1979 used an index of harm in a study of 6 occupational harms - three radiological and three nonradiological to bracket high and low estimates of radiological effects. The index of harm consists of a weighting factor for parametric study the lost time in an industry and the worker population at risk. The conclusions were that the data are too imprecise for firm conclusions but it is possible for a radiation worker under pessimistic health effects assumptions to have as high index of harm as the other industries compared. 

Emphasis for prevention will be on changing individual behavior by symbolic or tangible rewards based on statistical evidence from the data collection system. "Hard" performance indicators such as lost time incidents will therefore be preferred to "softer" data such as near-miss reports. Accident prevention will also emphasize motivational campaigns designed to enhance the awareness of hazards and adherence to rules. If a severe accident occurs, it is likely that disciplinary sanctions will be applied. 

Fatal accident rate Lost-time injury rate Capital cost of accidents Number of plant/community evacuations Cost of business interruption Cost of workers compensation claims Number of hazardous material spills (in excess of a threshold) Tonnage of hazardous material spilled Tonnage of air, water, liquid and solid effluent Tonnage of polluting materials released into the environment Employee exposure monitoring Number of work related sickness claims Number of regulatory citations and fines Ecological impact of operations (loss or restoration of biodiversity, species, habitats)... 

Work hours since last lost-time injury... 

Two lost time injuries were incurred at the Wyoming Bay facility when a stack of palletized valves in a warehouse were knocked over by a forK-lift truck. 

When the project begins to fall behind in schedule, three alternatives may correct the problem. The first is to examine the work remaining to be done and decide whether the lost time can be recovered in the next steps. If this is not feasible, consider offering an incentive for on-time completion of the project. The incentive could be justified if you compare this expenditure to potential losses due to late completion. Finally, consider deploying more resources. This too will cost more, but may offset further losses from delayed completion. 

Soft-foot is the condition when all four of a machine s feet do not support the weight of the machine. It is important to determine if this condition is present prior to performing shaft alignment on a piece of machinery. Not correcting soft-foot prior to alignment is a major cause of frustration and lost time during the aligning procedure. 

HIV/AIDS-induced mortality and morbidity of workers can result in significant economic loss to business, including direct cost due to increased insurance premiums paid by employers, costs due to increased benefits paid by employers, indirect costs due to lost time due to illness, lost and reduced productivity, and other costs, like cost to new training and hiring of staff. Famham and Gorsky (1994) used a Markov model to calculate the expected medical, disability, employee replacement, life insurance, and pension costs to a business firm in the US for an HIV-infected... 

For their own benefit, companies record not only injuries but near misses. These are accidents that could have, but did not, result in a lost-time injury Upon analyzing these, problem areas can be discovered and improvements made before a major disaster occurs. It can also be determined which men are accident-prone. 

Nature Some types of statistical applications deal with counts and proportions rather than measurements. Examples are (1) the proportion of workers in a plant who are out sick, (2) lost-time worker accidents per month, (3) defective items in a shipment lot, and (4) preference in consumer surveys. 

A university has 1200 full-time employees. In a particular year this university had 38 reportable lost-time injuries with a resulting 274 lost workdays. Compute the OSHA incidence rate based on injuries and lost workdays. 

Another way of measuring accident performance is by the LTIR, or lost-time injury rate. This is identical to the OSHA incidence rate based on incidents in which the employee is unable to continue their normal duties. A plant site has 1200 full-time employees working 40 hr/week and 50 weeks/yr. If the plant had 2 lost-time incidents last year, what is the LTIR ... 

Key Performance Indicators Preparation for maintenance, the control of modifications, and the testing of protective equipment are examples of key performance indicators i.e., taken together, they indicate uie quality of the plant s and company s process safety. If they are below standard, the plant is at risk. The usual measure of safety, the lost-time accident (LTA) rate, does not measure process safety. Many companies that had a low LTA rate and assumed that their process safety was therefore under control have experienced serious fires and explosions. 

The reactive Sis are indicators which include the accidents themselves and statistics such as Lost Time Injuries (LTI), or Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) among others. 

The most important thing to remember when you get off track is not to panic or throw in the towel. You can adjust your schedule to make up the lost time. You may need to reconsider some of your other commitments and see if you can borrow some time for studying. Or you may need to forego one of your planned review sessions to learn new material. You can always find a few extra minutes here and there for your review. 

Pronst s great work is titled A la recherche du temps perdu in the original French and is also known as Remembrance of Things Past or In Search of Lost Time in English translations. 

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