Hidden costs

In the contract for the Stanford study, the hidden cost multiplier was defined to account for all costs other than the direct compensation of the victim(s) —that is, other than for the indemnities paid to injured workers and the attendant medical costs. Hidden costs are ... 

Operability. Hidden costs may result from changes in the way a process operates as a result of a control. For example, enclosure and isolation may diminish the abiUty of workers to observe the process. Upsets and dismptions resulting from this loss of intelligence are expensive and generate resistance to the use of these controls, no matter how effective. 

Figure 1.7 The hidden cost of poor quality (Labovitz, 1988)...

Explain why soiling and corrosion are hidden costs of air pollution. 

Furthermore, although the U.S. EPA argues that the cost of compliance for all environmental regulations is small in comparison to overall industry expenditures, there are many hidden costs that oftentimes are not considered, and go beyond the capital investment for a piece of equipment. These so-called other costs are not necessarily incremental, depending upon the size of a company and the magnitude of its environmental management issues. They include, but are not limited to ... 

The more that can be done on the prevention side of the formula in managing any pollution problem, not just air pollution, the lower are our operating and hidden costs, and hence, the higher our profit margin. These cost saving categories can represent an enormous motivation for doing pollution prevention. 

Tier 1 Hidden costs, such as monitoring expenses, reporting and record... 

Costs of hardware, software, training, and data input may be hidden. 

The technology that competes with ion exchange in wastewater application is reverse osmosis (RO), therefor it is appropriate to make some comparisons. Direct cost comparisons are not straightforward, and requires comparison of some of the hidden cost parameters. Since there appear to be few detailed comparisons in the open literature, there exists the general impression that RO is more economical than ion exchange. Whereas this may be true in a number of applications, as a general rule this is not the case. 

Let s consider some of the important cost factors of a JHA. These methods can help to improve job procedures and can help to reduce costs that result from absenteeism and workers compensation claims, as well as hidden costs that are usually overlooked. These hidden costs include management time for investigation lost time for other workers who experience some level of trauma hiring and training temporary workers bad publicity, poor product quality, employee morale OSHA citation/fines, court costs, and so on. Reduction of these costs can lead to increased productivity and improved cost to the bottom line. 

One energy source that first appeared to be highly attractive was nuclear power. The problem with nuclear power is that some costs were hidden in its initial development. Especially pernicious is the disposal of uranium oxide fuel after it has become depleted. It can be reprocessed, but at considerable expense, and the product plutonium can be used for weapons. In the United States the plan is to bui y... 

This does not, of course, mean that improvements should not be attempted. It is important, however, that corrosion scientists and technologists appreciate that significant hidden costs may arise when a novel solution is considered. A considerable effort is needed to ensure that the information needed by the design engineer is available when it is needed, and that all the parties concerned understand what is required. The documentation needed can be large, and requires an input from a number of disciplines even when it has been produced, much more effort from experienced staff is likely to be needed than if a standard solution were used. 

It is up to the laboratory operator to make such realistic cost estimates. If he does not, he will sooner or later find himself in a serious bind. The main challenge is to make practical estimates of those hidden costs and distribute them in the proper manner. 

The chess-board is the world the pieces are the phenomena of the universe the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. But we know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance. 

Type II Costs Indirect and hidden costs Reporting Monitoring Regulatory (e.g., operating permits and fees)... 

Table 2.4 summarizes the above in terms of a shopping list for new items. It is once again emphasized that the numbers are to be understood as indicative (e.g., not for use in grant proposals). And recall that old spectrometers are not necessarily inferior at all to new ones, and they can be very cheap if standing in someone s way. Also, items such as frequency counters up to X-band appear regularly as second hand offers on the Internet for a fraction of their new price. And finally, the table does not show possible hidden costs, that is, of items that are taken for granted because they already happen to be around, but whose budgeting may be prohibitive when they have to be acquired, for example, square meters of lab space or dedicated operators. 

A process or facility fit assessment needs to be performed and involves translating the transferring site s process into a fit-for-purpose process within the manufacturing facility (Worsham, 2010). A comprehensive appraisal of the process requirements versus facility capabilities should be performed. This can help avoid unanticipated issues, which could lead to either unexpected delays and/or hidden costs at a later stage. Any changes to the process to accommodate the needs of the facility could result in additional process validation requirements. Therefore, changes should be constrained to the absolute minimum, but may be still required to facilitate a commercially viable process. 

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