Lost time accident

Lost time accidents lost time accidents among employees fell from 9 per million working hours in 1988 to 3.9 in 1998. During the same period the rate for contractors fell from 35 to 11.5. 

Safety in other domains is assessed by the incidence of accidents and injuries aviation accidents, road accidents, lost time injuries at work and other types of mishap are counted and tabulated by various means. Defining these accidents is... 

Occupational accidents Lost-time injury frequency rate (LTI-rate)... 

An LTI is a lost time incident, mentioned earlier as an accident which causes one or more days away from work. A non-LTI injury does not result in time away from work. A near hit (often called a near miss) is an incident which causes no injury, but had the potential to do so (e.g. a falling object hitting the ground, but missing personnel). An example of an unsafe act would be a poorly secured ladder, where no incident occurs, but which potentially could have been the cause of an incident. 

Type of Data In general, statistics deals with two types of data counts and measurements. Counts represent the number of discrete outcomes, such as the number of defective parts in a shipment, the number of lost-time accidents, and so forth. Measurement data are treated as a continuum. For example, the tensile strength of a synthetic yarn theoretically could be measured to any degree of precision. A subtle aspect associated with count and measurement data is that some types of count data can be dealt with through the application of techniques which have been developed for measurement data alone. This abihty is due to the fact that some simphfied measurement statistics sei ve as an excellent approximation for the more tedious count statistics. 

Introduction Many types of statistical applications are characterized by enumeration data in the form of counts. Examples are the number of lost-time accidents in a plant, the number of defective items in a sample, and the number of items in a sample that fall within several specified categories. 

Emphasis for prevention will be on changing individual behavior by symbolic or tangible rewards based on statistical evidence from the data collection system. "Hard" performance indicators such as lost time incidents will therefore be preferred to "softer" data such as near-miss reports. Accident prevention will also emphasize motivational campaigns designed to enhance the awareness of hazards and adherence to rules. If a severe accident occurs, it is likely that disciplinary sanctions will be applied. 

Fatal accident rate Lost-time injury rate Capital cost of accidents Number of plant/community evacuations Cost of business interruption Cost of workers compensation claims Number of hazardous material spills (in excess of a threshold) Tonnage of hazardous material spilled Tonnage of air, water, liquid and solid effluent Tonnage of polluting materials released into the environment Employee exposure monitoring Number of work related sickness claims Number of regulatory citations and fines Ecological impact of operations (loss or restoration of biodiversity, species, habitats)... 

For their own benefit, companies record not only injuries but near misses. These are accidents that could have, but did not, result in a lost-time injury Upon analyzing these, problem areas can be discovered and improvements made before a major disaster occurs. It can also be determined which men are accident-prone. 

Nature Some types of statistical applications deal with counts and proportions rather than measurements. Examples are (1) the proportion of workers in a plant who are out sick, (2) lost-time worker accidents per month, (3) defective items in a shipment lot, and (4) preference in consumer surveys. 

Another way of measuring accident performance is by the LTIR, or lost-time injury rate. This is identical to the OSHA incidence rate based on incidents in which the employee is unable to continue their normal duties. A plant site has 1200 full-time employees working 40 hr/week and 50 weeks/yr. If the plant had 2 lost-time incidents last year, what is the LTIR ... 

Key Performance Indicators Preparation for maintenance, the control of modifications, and the testing of protective equipment are examples of key performance indicators i.e., taken together, they indicate uie quality of the plant s and company s process safety. If they are below standard, the plant is at risk. The usual measure of safety, the lost-time accident (LTA) rate, does not measure process safety. Many companies that had a low LTA rate and assumed that their process safety was therefore under control have experienced serious fires and explosions. 

The reactive Sis are indicators which include the accidents themselves and statistics such as Lost Time Injuries (LTI), or Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) among others. 

The novice may see the chemical engineer s responsibility as being limited to nonhuman failures. However, most nonhuman failures have their origin in human action, inaction, or misaction, and their effects are mitigated or magnified by human reactions. As Fig. 4 shows, unsafe conditions are present in only half of the accidents resulting in lost-time... 

The company s employees surpassed eight million working hours without a lost-time accident since 2003. WCNOC regularly produces and updates emergency plans to protect the health and safety of its workforce. 

Reactive Measures. Monitor outcomes such as accidents and ill health. Examples include injury frequencies, lost time accidents and sickness absences. 

Now, in 1992, RAP has been working without Lost-Time-Injuries for almost 20 years (6 million person hours). Fortunately the measurement of performance of the NMMS on that level is still as difficult as it was 4 years ago (i.e. still no accidents). The acceptance and overall correct and intensive use of near miss reporting however will have to do as probably the best performance measure available at this moment,... 

The varying estimates of the annual cost of industrial accidents are stated in terms of millions of dollars and are usually based on the lost time of the injured worker. This is largely an employer s loss, but is far from being the complete cost to the employer. The remaining incidental cost is four times as much as the compensation and the medical payments. 

Lost time accident frequency (number, per million hours worked)... 

BASF additionally plans to significantly improve its safety record by 2012. The goals are 80 percent fewer lost-time accidents compared with 2002, and 70 percent fewer transportation accidents compared with the value for 2003. 

North America Lost time accidents (100%) Social responsibility (75%) Prosecutions and fines (50%) Occupation illness (50%) Transport effect (0%) External verification (13%) Water consumption (13%) Energy usage (25%)... 

The subject of health and safety is reported in all under five parameters - fatalities (43%), lost time accidents (86%), occupational illnesses (51%), transport incidents (49%) and emergency preparedness (63%). This suggests a fair coverage of health and safety is building in chemicals CERs, which no doubt has been assisted by the inclusion of this aspect in the CEFIC environmental reporting guidelines. 

The number of employees is important when comparing safety figures between companies (e.g. fatalities and lost time accidents). 

To achieve a yes score either the number of employee lost time accidents and the total hours worked, or the ratio of the two, must be reported. Since the definition of what constitutes a lost time accident will vary between companies, this must also be clearly defined. 

---