Lost-time injuries

All loss-causation events follow the CECAL pattern, but their progress through the loss-causation sequence is channeled either by Luck Factor 1, Luck Factor 2, or Luck Factor 3. The difference between a fatality, permanent or disabling injury, temporary disabling injury, lost-time injury, and a first aid case is largely a matter of luck. 

In the first case, the pursuit of absolute safety, the concern is for the value of the numerator N, where N represents the number of a certain type of events, for instance accidents, incidents, injuries, lost time injury, unplanned outages rejection rate, etc. The goal is to reduce N to as small a value as is practicable, preferably zero if that is possible. In the pursuit of absolute safety, there is no concern for the number of complementary events, i.e., the number of cases where N does not occur. For example, if N is the number of times per year a train passes a red signal (SPAD), then the number of complementary events is the number of times during the same time period that a train stops at a red signal. Having N=0 as the ideal in practice means that safety is defined as the freedom from risk rather than as the freedom from unacceptable (or unaffordable) risk. The difference is by no means unimportant. 

First aid injuries Medical treatment injuries Lost-time injuries Fatalities. 

We will also discuss how safety practices differ in various kinds of biomedical research laboratories. Safety programs are vital for all organizations, to set safety standards expected of employees, to minimize accidents resulting in injury, lost time, and resources, and—not incidentally—to satisfy legal requirements. However, the administrative structures of different types of research organizations lead to major differences in the safety programs established for each type of organization. 

An LTI is a lost time incident, mentioned earlier as an accident which causes one or more days away from work. A non-LTI injury does not result in time away from work. A near hit (often called a near miss) is an incident which causes no injury, but had the potential to do so (e.g. a falling object hitting the ground, but missing personnel). An example of an unsafe act would be a poorly secured ladder, where no incident occurs, but which potentially could have been the cause of an incident. 

Health and safety of personnel and loss prevention are paramount concerns of the chemical iadustry. Injuries and property damage have high costs, not the least of which are busiaess iatermption and loss of trained personnel or equipment. Over the years, worker fataUties have decreased and lost time has leveled, but property losses have iacreased. 

Has there been an OSHA related lost time injury in the last three years If yes, explain ... 

Fatal accident rate Lost-time injury rate Capital cost of accidents Number of plant/community evacuations Cost of business interruption Cost of workers compensation claims Number of hazardous material spills (in excess of a threshold) Tonnage of hazardous material spilled Tonnage of air, water, liquid and solid effluent Tonnage of polluting materials released into the environment Employee exposure monitoring Number of work related sickness claims Number of regulatory citations and fines Ecological impact of operations (loss or restoration of biodiversity, species, habitats)... 

Work hours since last lost-time injury... 

Two lost time injuries were incurred at the Wyoming Bay facility when a stack of palletized valves in a warehouse were knocked over by a forK-lift truck. 

For their own benefit, companies record not only injuries but near misses. These are accidents that could have, but did not, result in a lost-time injury Upon analyzing these, problem areas can be discovered and improvements made before a major disaster occurs. It can also be determined which men are accident-prone. 

A university has 1200 full-time employees. In a particular year this university had 38 reportable lost-time injuries with a resulting 274 lost workdays. Compute the OSHA incidence rate based on injuries and lost workdays. 

Another way of measuring accident performance is by the LTIR, or lost-time injury rate. This is identical to the OSHA incidence rate based on incidents in which the employee is unable to continue their normal duties. A plant site has 1200 full-time employees working 40 hr/week and 50 weeks/yr. If the plant had 2 lost-time incidents last year, what is the LTIR ... 

The reactive Sis are indicators which include the accidents themselves and statistics such as Lost Time Injuries (LTI), or Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) among others. 

As of the early 1990s, annual worker fatalities ran about 9 per 100,000 employees annual lost-time disabling injuries ran about 4,000 per 100,000 employees (1). Property losses increased fourfold from the 1970s (2). The trends in fatalities and property losses can probably be ascribed to the increasing complexity and productivity of the highly automated chemical plants, where personnel are isolated from processes. Whereas exposure to health and safety hazards maybe reduced, the ability of experienced operating personnel to sense process problems and to correct these problems frequently is decreased. Another aspect of process management which has tended to increase hazards is the effort to reduce the formation of wastes and undesired by-products. This effort requires dose approach to temperature and pressure limits, at which points loss of control can be catastrophic (see Process control). Process and plant safety issues have been discussed (3—8). 

The chemical industry has an excellent record of meeting that challenge. In 1985, the latest year for which national statistics are available, chemical companies reporting to the National Safety Council had a lost-time injury rate of 0.52 injuries per 200,000 hours worked, compared to a rate of 1.98, nearly four times higher, for all U.S. industry (1). 

For the year 1986, Dow Chemical U.S.A. experienced 217 OSHA recordable incidents (those involving physical injury which require medical care beyond first aid or work restrictions including lost time) which were classified as follows. 

Reactive Measures. Monitor outcomes such as accidents and ill health. Examples include injury frequencies, lost time accidents and sickness absences. 

They controlled this highly automated aromatics plant by supervising the process from a Central Control Room (CCR) equipped with visual display units (so-called computer screens) as the human-machine interface. The five shifts of operators, at that time, had been working for about 16 years (approximately 5 million man hours) without a single Lost-Time Injury case, which meant an excellent safety performance according to that, standard. 

Now, in 1992, RAP has been working without Lost-Time-Injuries for almost 20 years (6 million person hours). Fortunately the measurement of performance of the NMMS on that level is still as difficult as it was 4 years ago (i.e. still no accidents). The acceptance and overall correct and intensive use of near miss reporting however will have to do as probably the best performance measure available at this moment,... 

Lost time injury frequency rate converted to 3 days ... 

INJURY AND ILLNESS Lost time injury and illness (LTII) rate... 

Progress against the injuries target is further discussed under lost time accidents , and again the emissions target is further discussed under environmental impact . 

Lost time accidents the lost time injury rate rose to a peak of 0.25 per 200000 hours in 1994, then fell sharply to 0.1 per 200000 hours in 1996. For the three years following the rate was reasonably constant, increasing from 0.14 to 0.17 per 200 000 hours worked during 1999. 

Lost time accidents in 1998 there were 542 injuries resulting in the loss of one day or one shift of work. The frequency rate has fallen from 1.55 lost time injuries per 100 employees in 1994 to 0.8 in 1998. These figures are against the group target of a frequency rate of less than 1 by 2000. In 1998 only the coatings business had not achieved this target. 

Lost time accidents Ashland has a corporate goal to eliminate occupational injuries and illness. For APAC the target date is 2003. In 1999 Ashland s group OSHA recordable frequency rate was 4.87. The rates in the divisions were ... 

Lost time accidents the lost workday case rate (LWCR) rose to a peak of approximately 0.7 injuries per 200000 in 1994, then fell steadily to 0.5 injuries per 200 000 in 1997. 

Lost time accidents a chart is given showing global frequency rates for OSHA recordable injuries. At DuPont the figure has varied between approximately 0.5 and 1.0 injury per 200000 hours. In 1998 and 1999 the figure was nearer 1.0. 

Lost time accidents a graph is given which shows that the injury frequency rate in the USA fell from approximately 3 injuries per 200 000 exposure hours in 1993 to under 2 injuries per 200 000 exposure hours in 1998. 

Lost time accidents figures are quoted for injuries that result in more than 3 days absence from work (own employees only). There were 17 Reportable Lost Time Accidents (RLTA) compared to 21 in 1994. The frequency quoted is per 100000 man-hours worked, and this figure has fallen from 0.69 in 1994 to 0.62 in 1998. 

Lost time accidents during 1998 there were 134 serious injuries resulting in the loss of three or more days. This represents a rate of 0.102 per average working life, against the year 2000 target of <0.05 (15% lower than 1995). 

The recordable injury frequency rate for employees fell from 2.65 injuries per 200 000 hours in 1996 to 1.01 injuries per 200 000 hours in 1999. The figures include both injuries requiring medical attention or that result in restricted work, as well as lost time incidents. 

Lost time accidents the lost workday injury rate fell from 25 per million hours in 1992 to 13 in 1995. The figure has fallen slightly since then, and in 1998 was 9.1. This represents a fall of 58% during the period (against a... 

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