Legislation references

UK legislation referring to emissions from gas-fired plant is currently rather limited. The most important is The Health and Safety (Emissions into the Atmosphere) Regulations 1983 (SI No. 943, 1983). In Schedule 2 is listed substances deemed to be noxious, which include combustion products, dust, etc. 

EC Directive concerning the list of legislation referred to in Directive 67/548/EEC on the classification,... 

The NDPSC decisions in relation to the SUSDP have no force in Commonwealth law. However, State legislation refers to or reflects the SUSDP (occasionally with some differences in some States) and may impose warning statements and other labelling and packaging requirements additional to those covered by Commonwealth legislation and associated Therapeutic Goods Orders (TGOs). 

Faced with recent crises affecting the public health and the environment (contaminated blood, Creutzfeld-Jacob Syndrome or mad cow disease , etc.), the public powers have decided to reinforce the importance of public administration (evaluation, control, inspection). In addition precautions were undertaken in the national laws (Cour de Cassation 1995) and in the Community law (C.J.C.E. 1996) undertaking to limit risks. Although legislation refers to the EEC, member countries are also considered as the European Union (EU). 

Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. 

Pohlman, Green Chemistry, Tap the power, knowledge is power, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Madison, Wis., 2012. 

Most Robens-based OHS legislation refers to reasonable practicability , usually defined as balancing risks against the cost and technical feasibility of controls. 

The statute itself is a lengthy and convoluted document and the complexity of the new regime can be further appreciated when it is realized that this text merely provides the framework and that many of the important practical details are contained in the secondary legislation referred to above. The main differences in definition between the 1984 and 1998 Acts are summarized in Table 12.6 for those familiar with the terminology employed in the previous enactment. 

Hazardons activities" include manufacture, use, storage, processing, filling, release into the environment, and onsite transport of those substances which are classified as dangerous substances under the EU s chemical legislation, referred to above. Flence there is a direct link between the classification nnder the EU s chemical policy and the ensning liability. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had the original authority under the Clean Air Act (1967) and the Clean Water Act (1972). This aufliority has been broadened by amendments to those acts and by some of the newer legislation referred to in the next section. The EPA has authority through various acts and programs to ... 

Safety standards should have objectives that are clear and easy to apply. EU legislation refers mostly to the safety standards set by the so-called Technical Committees, without clarifying the objectives. The safety standards do not focus on durability, success rate, or number and type of adverse events. 

The legislation refers to a responsible person , who is defined as a specified individual who is responsible for fire safety. 

A number of pieces of current legislation refer to the requirement for the production of safe systems of work, together with the provision of information, instruction and training. Therefore in addition to introducing measurabie standards, the introduction of safe systems... 

The legislation referred to in 23 has now been published in draft form. According to this draft, all employers must appoint works doctors and technical experts in accident prevention. These appointments will depend upon... 

In such cases the development scheme for the original reserves may have to be modified to make processing capacity available for the new hydrocarbons. The economics of such a scheme can be affected negatively if substantial engineering modifications have to made to meet new safety legislation. For more background to ERD refer to Section 3. 

In addition these directives had to be decided unanimously by the European Council which made their adoption cumbersome and slow. These directives are now referred to as old approach directives. A radical change was needed so that the Community legislation could respond to the needs of both, the completion of the internal market for the products concerned, and the need to offer to industry a flexible legislative environment which would encourage technical progress. 

Because of the complexity of the law, the legislative histories of the 1909 and 1976 Copyright Acts are vital to an understanding of the intent of the statutes. These histories are sufftciendy complex that they have generated secondary works to aid in their reference. 

Whilst the hazards identified, and the principles and practice for the control of risks are universal, i.e. they are independent of location, in order to assist quick-reference an appendix of relevant contemporaneous UK legislation has been added as a guide together with a much-expanded Bibliography in Chapter 19. Finally, for convenience of use, the Index has been enlarged. 

An indicative limit value is a more common type of limit that reflects expert evaluation based on scientific data where it is possible to identify the highest level of exposure along with the corresponding reference time period for which one can have confidence that there will be no adverse effects on health. For any chemical agent for which an indicative occupational exposure limit value is established at the community level, member states shall establish a national occupational exposure limit value, taking into account the community limit value and determining its nature in accordance with national legislation and practice. 

The preceding results can be extended to relate canopy-hood performance to opacity. This is a significant step because air pollution legislation in many countries has a reference to opacity levels (i.e., a fume concentration level which must be met at the point of discharge of fume from a process building), jations can be developed of this form ... 

Required locations of gas detectors (sensors) are often specified by the authority having jurisdiction. For example, API RP 14C recommends certain locations for combustible detectors. These recommendations have been legislated into requirements in U.S. Federal waters by the Minerals Management Service. RP 14C should be referred to for specific details, but, basically, combustible gas detectors are required offshore in all inadequately ventilated, classified, enclosed areas. The installation of sensors in nonenclosed areas is seldom either required or necessary. Ignitible or high toxic levels of gas seldom accumulate and remain for significant periods of time in such locations. 

Through individual state legislation, wherein the legislature adopted by reference a particular energy code or wrote the energy code requirements directly in the legislation. 

Relevant additional substances referred to in legislation include ... 

Spills are covered by a variety of federal, state, and local reporting requirements and substantial penalties can result to a company and its employees for failing to report certain spills. Initial release notification is usually required immediately or within 24 hours of the release and, in some cases, written follow-up reports are required. Some of the applicable legislation is listed below and Table 64.1 lists some of the major reporting requirements for chemical spills that are specified by these Acts. However, refer to Hoechst Celanese s procedures for plant-specific requirements. 

Directives, on the other hand, are addressed to member states and require that they enact national legislation so as to achieve the objectives of the directives. Thus, a directive allows flexibility in how national legislation is enacted. In practice, national legislation will frequently refer you back to the directive, particularly when a directive contains large amounts of detailed technical requirements. 

You get both the principal legal requirements (The Articles) and the technical detail (The Annexes) in one document. As mentioned above, national legislation may just transpose the Articles, and you may have to refer back to the directive for the technical Annexes. 

Confusion as to what constitutes municipal waste is presenting an obstacle to the use of packaging waste as a fuel in cement kilns. Whilst cement kilns can bum hazardous waste, they cannot bum a wide range of non-hazardous materials, it is reported. The case of Castle Cement is described which planned to bum a range of non-hazardous commercial and industrial wastes. Some waste-fired combustion processes, however, such as UK Waste s Fibre Fuel operation have been granted derogations where fuel is manufactured by advanced mechanical processes, which includes the production of fuel pellets. This latter process would be pointless for the cement industry since their fuels have to be pulverised. The problems are further discussed with reference to current European legislation. 

With reference to Europe, America, and a typical developing country, discuss how legislation affects the chemical industry, with particular emphasis on building new chemical plants. 

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