Indicative Limit Values

An indicative limit value is a more common type of limit that reflects expert evaluation based on scientific data where it is possible to identify the highest level of exposure along with the corresponding reference time period for which one can have confidence that there will be no adverse effects on health. For any chemical agent for which an indicative occupational exposure limit value is established at the community level, member states shall establish a national occupational exposure limit value, taking into account the community limit value and determining its nature in accordance with national legislation and practice. 

Commission Directive on establishing indicative limit values to protect workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work. Off. J. Ear. Commiss., L.177, 05-07-91. 

Approaches in the past. The objective of setting OELs in the European Union (EU) was introduced into EU legislation by Council Directive 80/1107/EEC, as amended by Directive 88/642/EEC. Under this Directive, two types of OELs were defined, binding limit values and indicative limit values (ILVs). Member States were asked to take the ILVs into account when establishing national OELs, but there was no legal obligation to do so. 

Council Directive 88/642/EEC of 16 December 1988 amending Directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work, Official Journal L 356,24/12/1988 P. 0074 - 0078. Commission Directive 91/322/EEC of 29 May 1991 on establishing indicative limit values by implementing Council Directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work. Official Journal L 177,05/07/1991 P. 0022 - 0024. 

The difference betw n the two types of French limit values, their enforcement, and the possibilities labour inspectors have become clear when loddr at the power of the Labour Inspectorate with respect to these two OELs. Air quality control measurements by the labour inspectors are only possible tor substances for which a binding limit value exists, which are thc e tor dust/fibres of asbestos, lead, benzene, vinyl chloride monomem etc. For substances for which indicative limit values have been adopted and published, the ender of 9 October 1987 does not allow the labour inspectors to enforce these OELs directly by issuing inqjrovement or entorcement orders. The nature of these limit values ( indicative/guidance ) does not pennit prescription of exact measures to enforce them. The cmly possibility to enforce them is via indirect sanctions on failures of the ventilation system and similar offences. 

As we outlined in Chzpter 3, under Act 1568/85 (Chapter V, Article 24, Definitions) there were two types of exposure limit defined, Exposure limit values (OELs) and biological indicator limit valu. Subsequently Presidential Decree (P.D) 338 001 transcribed almost verbatim flie Dir tive 98/94/EC on the protection of the health and safety firom the risks related to chemical agente at work . It redefined exposure limit values as follows ... 

Greece Act 1568/85 on Health and Safety at Work Presidential Decree 17/1996 Act 1568/85(Ch ter V, Article 24, Definitions) P.D.307/86 P.D.77/93 P.D. 77/1993 P.D.338/2001 transcribed almost verbatim the Directive 98/94/EC on the protection of the health and safety jfrom the risks related to chemical agents at work (14th individual Directive) risks related to carcinogenic agents at work P.D.399/94 and P.D. 127/2000 have adopted 2004/37/EC and 97/42/EC Directives. P.D.90/99 transcribed 91/322 EEC and 96/94 EC Directives on establishing a first and a second list of indicative limit values P.D.339/2001 was issued in accordance with the 2000 9 EC Directive. http //www.osh.gr/workcond http //www.osh.gr/Kyae http //elinyae.gr... 

For more details and a complete list of substances and their indicative limit values, given in annex I of 91/322/EEC see Section 6.5 Limit values at the workplace . 

With the commission directive 91/322/EEC, released in May 1991, a first fist of 27 chemical substances with indicative limit values was published [6-9], and these are listed in the annex of this directive. In February 2006, directive 91/322/EEC was amended by the new directive 2006/15/EC [6-41]. In accordance with this directive, 17 substances were taken out and transferred into the new directive, leaving 10 substances in the annex of 91/322/EC. In Ikble 6.6, the remaining 10 chemical agents together with their indicative Hmit values are shown. They are still the subject of further evaluation, but the insufficient scientific data did allow for setting a provisional lOELV. In the case of nitrogen monoxide, it is expected that additional data will be available in the near future. Until then, aU values remain in force. 

A few years after release of the directive 91/322/EEC, a second list of chemicals with indicative limit values was adopted by commission directive 96/94/EEC. However, this directive has been repealed by directive 2000/39/EC [6-42], aU Hsted substances being integrated in the new directive. Therefore, the content of the repealed directive 96/94/EEC need not be discussed in detail. 

Table 6.6 First list of indicative limit values according to directive 91 /322/EEC (status 2/2005).

The directive is addressed to the European member states, which had to implement OEL for all substances of the Hst by 31 December 2001. According to the procedure discussed above in detail, deviations from the community value are possible (upwards and downwards in the case of indicative limit values). 

Hence, the stated above results showed that limiting values of molecular weight, attainable in PHE synthesis process at different T, could be described within the frameworks of irreversible aggregation cluster-cluster model by the usage of the Eq. (48) of Chapter 1. MM indicated limiting value is controlled by macromolecular coil stmcture, characterized by its fractal dimension Dj,... 

In addition, within the European Union, a system has been developed by Directorate-General V (DGV) for the establishment of Binding Limit Values (BLV) and Indicative Limit Values (ILV) [18]. The former are directly binding on Member States, while the latter must be taken into account by Member States when setting national occupational exposure limits. 

Establishment of Binding and Indicative Limit Values for occupational exposure. 

The intervention or investigatory levels depend on the road site category and its geometry and differ from country to country, even if skid resistance is monitored with the same device. Indicative limit values used in some countries are given in Table 16.7. 

The concentration dependences of qst show several remarkable features (0 upon saturation, the sorption heat for all materials reaches the value characteristic of CO2 sublimation this also indicates limiting values of sorption-phase saturation for the various materials ( ) the isosteric heats on NaLSX and NaX proceed well above the heat of sublimation over the entire concentration range, and it approaches the latter at saturation only (peculiarities were discussed in [30]) iii) the plateau for NaLSX at concentrations below c. 2 mol/kg could be referred, most probably, to sorption interaction between CO2 molecules and Na+ cations of the FAU (iv) sorption of CO2 by DAY and M-30 follows a very similar energetic pattern residual amounts of specific sorption sites that exhibit a somewhat higher sorption heat at very low values, n, and subsequent, almost identical curve courses, qst vs. n, below the sublimation heat of CO2 (v) interaction between CO2 and the intracrystalline silica-like surface of DAY as well as the intraporous carbon surface of M-30 seems to be close, which may be an interesting finding per se to be further dealt with (vi) the saturation capacity for M-30 exceeds that of DAY by a factor of about 2. 

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