Radical change

In addition these directives had to be decided unanimously by the European Council which made their adoption cumbersome and slow. These directives are now referred to as old approach directives. A radical change was needed so that the Community legislation could respond to the needs of both, the completion of the internal market for the products concerned, and the need to offer to industry a flexible legislative environment which would encourage technical progress. 

Technology leaders must pioneer discontinuous/radical changes along with continuous/incremental innovations. Radical innovation estabUshes and periodically renews the competitive advantage incremental innovations sustain it. Pressures on the leaders are to focus on only the near-term incremental efforts. Technology leaders must, however, build the will within the business leadership to recognize that both are necessary (35). 

The basic principles and approaches to manufacturing pneumatic tires have been in place for many years, and because of the scale of modem tire production, radical change is slow. However, developments of new tire production processes continue (44,45) and as new methods take hold, it is likely that changes in tire cord handling and preparation will be required. 

At this stage a prototype product is produced, and its performance in the market is assessed. If this is satisfactory, full-scale production is established. But the designer s role does not end at this point. Continuous analysis of the performance of a component usually reveals weaknesses or ways in which it could be improved or made more cheaply. And there is always scope for further innovation for a radically new design, or for a radical change in the material which the component is made from. Successful designs evolve continuously, and only in this way does the product retain a competitive position in the market place. 

You should prepare a design and development plan for each new design and also for any modification of an existing design that radically changes the performance of the... 

The volumetric output of rotary positive-displacement compressors can be controlled by speed changes. The slower the compressor turns, the lower its output volume. This feature permits the use of these compressors in loadfollowing applications. However, care must be taken to prevent sudden radical changes in speed. 

Two factors may cause over-load on a gear set excessive load or speed transients. Many processes are subjected to radical changes in the process or production loads. These changes can have a serious effect on gear-set performance and reliability. 

Food packaging has similarly undergone radical changes. As the place of production grows farther from the urban centers where most of the food is consumed, the demands on food containers are greatly increased. Society used to be content to deal with natural food packaging, but now food must be shipped over long distances and stored for undetermined time periods and under often uncertain conditions. 

Primary steam separators These devices are located horizontally, immediately above the top drum waterline and use baffles or chevrons and dry pipe collectors, or cyclone or centrifugal action to radically change the steam flow, resulting in the heavier water and contaminants separating out from the steam. 

The behavior of liquid flow in micro-tubes and channels depends not only on the absolute value of the viscosity but also on its dependence on temperature. The nonlinear character of this dependence is a source of an important phenomenon - hydrodynamic thermal explosion, which is a sharp change of flow parameters at small temperature disturbances due to viscous dissipation. This is accompanied by radical changes of flow characteristics. Bastanjian et al. (1965) showed that under certain conditions the steady-state flow cannot exist, and an oscillatory regime begins. 

There must be dissatisfaction with the existing conceptions. Scientists and students are unlikely to make major changes in their concepts until they believe that less radical changes will not work. Thus, before an accommodation can occur it is reasonable to suppose that individuals must have collected a store of unsolved puzzles or anomalies and lost faith in the ability of their current concepts to solve these problems. 

Perhaps no technology in human history has radically changed so many disciplines as the introduction of personal computing and the now-ubiquitous presence of the World Wide Web. What the joint application of these enabling technologies allows us to do is to instantaneously and efficiently exchange... 

Barber and coworkers made radical changes to the s.i.m.s. technique. They replaced the ion gun with an atom gun, redesigned the ion source to... 

The impression that little or nothing is known about emulsion theory and technology, however, is far from the truth. Indeed, a great deal is known— much has been learned from theoretical studies and the Edisonian techniques have made their contributions. In terms of the stability of an emulsion one can predict to a certain extent the effects of radical changes in the types of emulsifier used, changes in pH, addition of certain salts, etc. Qualitatively the effects of changes in viscosity or particle size can also be predicted. 

In the 1980s, CdSe quantum dots vere prepared by top-dovm techniques such as lithography ho vever, size variations, crystal defects, poor reproducibility, and poor optical properties of quantum dots made them inadequate for advanced applications. Introduction of bottom-up colloidal synthesis of CdSe quantum dots by Murray et al. [3] and its further advancements brought radical changes in the properties of quantum dots and their applications in devices and biology. The colloidal syntheses of CdSe quantum dots are broadly classified into organic-phase synthesis and aqueous-phase synthesis. 

An accident occurred in a gas pipeline in which the pressure of ethylene radically changed from 1 to 88.5 bar. The explosion which followed caused the gas pipeline to break by increasing the temperature of its walls to 700-800°C. The sudden temperature rise caused by the pressurisation and the fall of temperature at which gas combusts can be another factor (see p. 241). 

Rutherford s discovery of the proton did not radically change the picture of the atom, but it did present a problem. The atom was still thought to be made up of a heavy, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The difference was that scientists now knew that the nucleus was composed of protons. Measurements showed that the electrical charge of a proton was identical to, but opposite of, the charge on an electron. The proton s charge was positive, the electron s negative. Because atoms are electrically neutral, the number of protons in the nucleus had to equal the number of electrons. And that was the problem. 

Other species choose instead to bet on timing, on the rapid exploitation of nutrient abundance, as for example when a full river of nutrients is passing by, under the form of the growing root of a higher plant. Indeed in the proximity of roots, in the rhizosphere, the underground landscape radically changes. 

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