Lauryl acetate

In perfumery, acetates are the most important aliphatic esters formates do not keep well. Animal and fatty notes become more pronounced in esters of higher fatty acids. Acetates of alcohols up to C(, are used principally for fruity notes, whereas the acetates of Cg, Cio, and C12 alcohols are employed for blossom fragrances and for flower notes in general. Lauryl acetate in particular is also used for conifer notes. 

Acetate C-11. See Undecenyl acetate Acetate C-12. See Lauryl acetate Acetate cotton. See Cellulose acetate Acetate ester, C6 alcohol branched. See Oxo-hexyl acetate... 

See Diammonium dithiodiglycolate Acetic acid, dodecyl ester. See Lauryl acetate Acetic acid, ester with 2,6-dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-ol. See 6-Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane Acetic acid, esters with lanolin alcohols. See Acetylated lanolin alcohol Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids. See Acetylated mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Acetic acid, ethenyl ester. See Vinyl acetate Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, homopolymer. See Polyvinyl acetate... 

Dodecanol Dodecan-1-ol n-Dodecanol n-Dodecan-1-ol. See Lauryl alcohol Dodecanol acetate 1-Dodecanol acetate. See Lauryl acetate... 

Dodecanoyl peroxide. See Lauroyl peroxide Dodecanyl acetate. See Lauryl acetate 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-Dodecaoxapentacontan-1-ol. See Ceteth-12... 

E)-2-Dodecn-1-ol. See trans-2-Dodecenol Dodecoic acid. See Laurie acid Dodecyl acetate. See Lauryl acetate Dodecyl acrylate. See Lauryl acrylate N-Dodecyl-P-alanine. See Lauraminopropionic acid... 

N-Dodecyl-p-alanine, monosodium salt. See Sodium lauraminopropionate Dodecyl alcohol 1-Dodecyl alcohol n-Dodecyl alcohol. See Lauryl alcohol Dodecyl alcohol acetate. See Lauryl acetate Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt. See Sodium lauryl sulfate 1-Dodecyl aldehyde n-Dodecyl aldehyde. See Laurie aldehyde... 

Laurus nobilis leaf oil Laurus nobilis oil. See Laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf oil Laurydone . See Lauryl PCA Lauryl acetate... 

Isopropyl hexanoate Isopropyl isobutyrate Isopropyl isovalerate Isopropyl myristate p-Isopropylphenylacetaldehyde Isopropyl phenylacetate 3-(p-lsopropylphenyl) propionaldehyde Isopropyl propionate Isopropyl tiglate Isopulegol Isopulegone Isopulegyl acetate Isoquinoline Isosafrole Isovaleraldehyde Isovaleric acid cis-Jasmone Laurie aldehyde Lauryl acetate Lauryl alcohol Lepidine Levulinic acid d-Limonene dl-Limonene l-Limonene... 

Propagation. The rate of emulsion polymerization has been found to depend on initiator, monomer, and emulsifier concentrations. In a system of vinyl acetate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and potassium persulfate, the following relationship for the rate of polymerization has been suggested (85) ... 

Chain transfer also occurs to the emulsifying agents, leading to their permanent iacorporation iato the product. Chain transfer to aldehydes, which may be formed as a result of the hydrolysis of the vinyl acetate monomer, tends to lower the molecular weight and slow the polymerisation rate because of the lower activity of the radical that is formed. Thus, the presence of acetaldehyde condensates as a poly(vinyl alcohol) impurity strongly retards polymerisation (91). Some of the initiators such as lauryl peroxide are also chain-transfer agents and lower the molecular weight of the product. 

The kinetics of vinyl acetate emulsion polymeriza tion in the presence of alkyl phenyl ethoxylate surfactants of various chain lengths indicate that part of the emulsion polymerization occurs in the aqueous phase and part in the particles (115). A study of the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate reveals that a water-soluble poly(vinyl acetate)—sodium dodecyl sulfate polyelectrolyte complex forms, and that latex stabihty, polymer hydrolysis, and molecular weight are controlled by this phenomenon (116). 

Group-Transfer Polymerization. Living polymerization of acrylic monomers has been carried out using ketene silyl acetals as initiators. This chemistry can be used to make random, block, or graft copolymers of polar monomers. The following scheme demonstrates the synthesis of a methyl methacrylate—lauryl methacrylate (MMA—LMA) AB block copolymer (38). LMA is CH2=C(CH2)COO(CH2) CH2. 

Since poly(vinyl acetate) is usually used in an emulsion form, the emulsion polymerisation process is commonly used. In a typical system, approximately equal quantities of vinyl acetate and water are stirred together in the presence of a suitable colloid-emulsifier system, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium lauryl sulphate, and a water-soluble initiator such as potassium persulphate. 

Lauryl alcohol has been prepared by the reduction of the aldehyde with zinc dust and acetic acid 1 by the reduction of esters of lauric acid with sodium and absolute alcohol 2 or with sodium, liquid ammonia, and absolute alcohol 3 by the reduction of lauramide with sodium and amyl alcohol.4 The method in the above procedure is essentially that described by Levene and Allen.5... 

Howard [27] determined dissolved aluminium in seawater by the micelle-enhanced fluorescence of its lumogallion complex. Several surfactants (to enhance fluorescence and minimise interferences), used for the determination of aluminium at very low concentrations (below 0.5 pg/1) in seawaters, were compared. The surfactants tested in preliminary studies were anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate), non-ionic (Triton X-100, Nonidet P42, NOPCO, and Tergital XD), and cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). Based on the degree of fluorescence enhancement and ease of use, Triton X-100 was selected for further study. Sample solutions (25 ml) in polyethylene bottles were mixed with acetate buffer (pH 4.7, 2 ml) lumogallion solution (0.02%, 0.3 ml) and 1,10-phenanthroline (1.0 ml to mask interferences from iron). Samples were heated to 80 °C for 1.5 h, cooled, and shaken with neat surfactant (0.15 ml) before fluorescence measurements were made. This procedure had a detection limit at the 0.02 pg/1 level. The method was independent of salinity and could therefore be used for both freshwater and seawater samples. 

Reflux 6.9 g triphenylphosphine and 6.6 g lauryl bromide (or equimolar amount of homolog) in 40 ml xylene for 60 hours. Remove solvent and wash residue with 5X20 ml ether (by decanting) to get 11 g lauryl triphenylphosphonium bromide (I). To a stirred suspension of 5.6 g (0.011M)(I) in 50 ml ether add 0.01M butyllithium solution (see Organic Reactions 8,258(1954) for preparation). Stir Vz hour at room temperature and slowly add 1.66 g 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (preparation given elsewhere here) in 10 ml ether over Vi hour. After 15 hours, filter, wash filtrate with water and dry, evaporate in vacuum. Dilute residue with pentane, filter and remove solvent. Dissolve the residual oil in 25 ml ethyl acetate and hydrogenate over O.lg Adams catalyst at one atmosphere and room temperature for 2 hours. Filter and evaporate in vacuum to get the 5-alkylresorcinol dimethyl ether which can be reciystallized from pentane and demethylated as described elsewhere here. 

The MS analysis using ESI was applied for the determination of an unknown surfactant compound contained in an extract of a shampoo formulation [44]. MS leading to sequential product ions helped to identify the constituents. The MS4 experiments together with other spectral observations confirmed the hypothesis that the unknown compound was a N-( 2-aminoethyl) fatty acid amide with the general formula R-C(0)-NH(CH2-CH2-N)R/R,/. An authentic sample of the proposed laury ampho mono acetate (LAMA) (R = -CH2-CH2-OH and R" = -CH2-CH2-COOH) that was available led to the same [M + H]+ parent ion at m/z 345. The fragmentation that could be observed under ESI-FIA-MS-MS(+) conditions resulted in an intensive examination of amide surfactants. However, only two of them—lauryl diethanol amide ([M + H]+ m/z 288), a non-ionic surfactant and laurylamido-(3-propyl betaine ([M + H]+ m/z 343)—... 

The work function of the rubbing surfaces and the electron affinity of additives are interconnected on the molecular level. This mechanism has been discussed in terms of tribopolymerization models as a general approach to boundary lubrication (Kajdas 1994, 2001). To evaluate the validity of the anion-radical mechanism, two metal systems were investigated, a hard steel ball on a softer steel plate and a hard ball on an aluminum plate. Both metal plates emit electrons under friction, but aluminum produced more exoelectrons than steel. With aluminum, the addition of 1% styrene to the hexadecane lubricating fluid reduced the wear volume of the plate by over 65%. This effect considerably predominates that of steel on steel. Friction initiates polymerization of styrene, and this polymer formation was proven. It was also found that lauryl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, and vinyl acetate reduced wear in an aluminum pin-on-disc test by 60-80% (Kajdas 1994). 

When acetic acid is diffusing from a 1.9 iV solution in water into benzene, spontaneous emulsion forms on the aqueous side of the interface, accompanied by a little interfacial turbulence. Results can be obtained with this system, however, if in analysing the refractive index gradient near the surface a correction is made for the spontaneous emulsion the rate of transfer is then in excellent agreement (57) with Eq. (20) (Fig. 6). Consequently there is no appreciable energy barrier due to re-solvation of the acetic acid molecules at the interface, nor does the spontaneous emulsion affect the transfer. With a monolayer of sodium lauryl... 

Fig. 6. Experimental data for system of Fig. 5(a), plotted and compared with calculation [Eq. (20)] on the basis of no interfacial resistance to the diffusion of acetic acid from water to benzene (37). Points are +, clean interface o, 0.00125 M pure sodium dodecylsulfate A, 0.00250 M pure sodium dodecylsulfate , 0.00250 M pure sodium dodecylsulfate- -2.4% lauryl alcohol -j-, spread protein , 5000 p.p.m. of sorbitan tetrastearate in the benzene. Units are q in moles c in moles liter and DtY in cm.

Fig. 13. Comparison of effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the transfer of acetic acid from water to benzene at 25°C. in an unstirred (36, 37), and in a stirred cell (60).

In the earlier kinetic study26 the rate constant for hydrolysis of lauryl-caproylimidazole PEI to caproate ion and laurylimidazole PEI was estimated to be 0.06 min-1 at pH 7.3. In the present study we have found the rate constant for hydrolysis of laurylacetylimidazole PEI to acetate ion and laurylimidazole PEI under similar conditions to be 0.1 to 0.2 min-1. In the earlier study the hydrolysis rate was inferred by an indirect method from the turnover rate in a steady-state situation. In view of the uncertainties in the indirect method and the difference in size of the acyl group in the two cases, the approximate equality of the deacylation rate constants is gratifying. 

Synonym Ammonia Water Amfbnioformaldehyde Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Acid Fluoride Ammonium Amidosulfonate Ammonium Amidosulphate Ammonium Benzoate Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Bichromate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Citrate Ammonium Citrate, Dibasic Ammonium Decaborate Octahydrate Ammonium Dichromate Ammonium Disulfate-Nickelate (II) Ammonium Ferric Citrate Ammonium Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Fluosilicate Ammonium Formate Ammonium Gluconate Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfide Solution Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Hypo Ammonium Hyposulfite Ammonium Iodide Ammonium Iron Sulfate Ammonium Lactate Ammonium Lactate Syrup Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium Muriate Ammonium Nickel Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Solution Ammonium Oleate... 

The most current method of nitroglycerin application is a transdermal device or skin patch. A cross section of such a patch is illustrated in Figure 6. The patch is actually a multi-layered polymer stack. The semipermeable membrane which comes in contact with the skin is usually composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polypropylene. The reservoir contains the drug in a hydrogel or polymer matrix or solvent (the material must be chosen to insure uniform delivery). Examples of some solvents used include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS - a detergent) and propylene glycol/oleic acid. 

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