Branched alcohols

Lower aliphatic primary alcohols including octanol, halogeno alcohols, and benzylic alcohols yield only alkyl fluorides [81, 82 The reaction of higher primary alcohols gives a mixture of fluorides and alkyl 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionates [S3] and 2-nitro alcohols, alcohols branched at C-2 [82, 84 and unsaturated alcohols [55] give 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionates exclusively... 

Branched dodecyl alcohol derived from the oxidation of branched olefins from petroleum feedstocks. bLinear Guerbet alcohol, branched Guerbet alcohol. 

Rule of thumb The stability of molecular ions roughly decreases in the following order aromatic compounds > conjugated alkenes > alkenes > alicyclic compounds > carbonyl compounds > linear alkanes > ethers > esters > amines > carboxylic acids > alcohols > branched alkanes. [81]... 

Aldol group transfer polymerization of ferf-butyldimethylsilyl vinyl ether [62] was initiated by pendant aldehyde functions incorporated along a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone [63]. This backbone was a random copolymer prepared by group transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acetal protected 5-methacryloxy valeraldehyde. After deprotection of the aldehyde initiating group, polymerization proceeded by activation with zinc halide in THF at room temperature. The reaction led to a graft copolymer with PMMA backbone and poly(silyl vinyl ether) or, upon hydrolysis of the ferf-butyldimethylsilyl groups, poly(vinyl alcohol) branches. 

Such hydrophilic macromonomers (DPn=7-9) were radically homopolymer-ized and copolymerized with styrene [78] using AIBN as an initiator at 60 °C in deuterated DMSO in order to follow the kinetics directly by NMR analysis. The macromonomer was found to be less reactive than styrene (rM=0.9 for the macromonomer and rs=1.3 for styrene). Polymerization led to amphiphilic graft copolymers with a polystyrene backbone and poly(vinyl alcohol) branches. The hydrophilic macromonomer was also used in emulsion polymerization and copolymerized onto seed polystyrene particles in order to incorporate it at the interface. 

Table III. Outdoor Exposure Data as a Function of Alcohol Branching...

Guerbet lower primary7 alcohols branched primary7 alcohols b... 

Fig. 7. Scheme of carbon chain growth to form linear alcohols, branched alcohols, and methyl esters over alkali-promoted Cu/ZnO-based catalysts. 

Ziegler (organoaliiminum) oxo (hydroformylation) aldol paraffin oxidation Guerbet Total ethylene, triethylaluminum olefins based on ethylene, propylene, butylene, or paraffins //-butyraldehyde paraffin hydrocarbons lower primary alcohols primary C —Clg linear alcohols primary alcohols 2-ethylhexanol secondary alcohols branched primary alcohols 0.3 4.2 a 0.2 b 4.7... 

The iso synthesis, which is a variation of the higher-alcohol process, produces in addition to the higher alcohols, branched-chain and cyclic hydrocarbons. The catalyst used consists chiefly of thoria. When promoted with allcali, the catalyst is useful in increasing the average molecular weight of the products. At 400°C the iso synthesis produces a mixture of alcohols and hydrocarbons, whereas at 450°C hydrocarbons (largely isobutane) are the principal products. 

Acetate C-11. See Undecenyl acetate Acetate C-12. See Lauryl acetate Acetate cotton. See Cellulose acetate Acetate ester, C6 alcohol branched. See Oxo-hexyl acetate... 

Synonyms Acetate ester, C6 alcohol branched C6 alkyl acetate... 

Property/Improved by Alcohol Mw Increase Q or Decrease ( ) Alcohol Branching Increase 0 oi Decrease (4 ) Aromatic Character of Alcohol Increase 0 or Decrease ( )... 

Another class of crosslinkable polyesters is the so-called aUcyd resins. AUcyd resins are defined as branched or crosslinked polyesters obtained, for example, by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid with a polyfunctional alcohol. Branching and crosslinking occur consecutively in a controllable manner. Thus, in the... 

Abe and Matsumnra [108] have also considered the antifoam effect of alcohols on the foam behavior of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The alcohols inclnded normal alcohols, branched alcohols, and diols. However, Abe and Matsumura [108] were concerned with the supposed role of the elimination of surface tension gradients under dynamic conditions in determining heterogeneous antifoam effectiveness in the case of these weakly polar oils. We have of course already considered the basic proposition of antifoam action by elimination of surface tension gradients in some detail in Section 4.4.3. 

Trade Names Foamid AME-70 Foamid AME-75 Foamid AME-100 Hetamide MA Jeemide MEAA Lipamide MEAA 75% Mackamide AME-75 Mackamide AME-100 Protamide MEAA Schercomid AME-70 Schercomid AME-100 2-Acetamidoethanol. See Acetamide MEA Acetate ester, C6 alcohol branched. See Oxo-hexyl acetate 1-Acetate-1,2,3-propanetriol. See Glyceryl acetate Acetene. See Ethylene Acotic 3cid... 

Synonyms Acetate ester, C6 alcohol branched C6 alkyl acetate Properties Sp.gr. 0.87 vapor pressure 1.400 mm Hg flash pt. (TCC) 57.2 C autoignition temp. 294 C Toxicology. REL50ppm Precaution LEL1%... 

Polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol resins are produced indirectly by the hydrolysis (saponification) of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymers. The structure of the vinyl alcohol branch is shown in Figure 9. Hydrolysis can be achieved by the action of alcoholic sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in an organic solvent solution at high temperature [84,86]. Ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol copolymers are often referred to as EVAL (pronounced as a single word) or by the abbreviation EVOH. Like their ethylene-co-vinyl acetate precursors, ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol copolymers also contain short- and long-chain branching. 

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