Isovaleric acid, dry

Isovaleric acid, dry, 20, 106 Isovaleric acid monohydrate, 20, 106 Isovaleryl chloride, 24, 21... 

Isovaleric acid [502-74-2] M 102.1, b 176.5 /762mm, 4.77. Dried with Na2S04, then fractionally distd. 

To obtain a maximum yield of the acid it is necessary to hydrolyse the by-product, tsoamyl isovalerate this is most economically effected with methyl alcoholic sodium hydroxide. Place a mixture of 20 g. of sodium hydroxide pellets, 26 ml. of water and 226 ml. of methyl alcohol in a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask fitted with a reflux (double surface) condenser, warm until the sodium hydroxide dissolves, add the ester layer and reflux the mixture for a period of 15 minutes. Rearrange the fl for distillation (Fig. II, 13, 3) and distil off the methyl alcohol until the residue becomes pasty. Then add about 200 ml. of water and continue the distillation until the temperature reaches 98-100°. Pour the residue in the flask, consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium isovalerate, into a 600 ml. beaker and add sufficient water to dissolve any solid which separates. Add slowly, with stirring, a solution of 15 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid in 50 ml. of water, and extract the liberated acid with 25 ml. of carbon tetrachloride. Combine this extract with extract (A), dry with a little anhydrous magnesium or calcium sulphate, and distil off the carbon tetrachloride (Fig. II, id, 4 150 ml. distilling or Qaisen flask), and then distil the residue. Collect the isovaleric acid 172-176°. The yield is 56 g. 

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is found in temperate re-giotis of North America. Europe, and Asia. The dried rhizome of valerian contains an unpleasant-smelling volatile oil that is attributed to isovaleric acid. Despite the (xinr. valerian is a safe and effective sleep aid. 

Bromo-4-methylbutyric acid 556 Isovaleric acid (8.6 moles dehydrated by azeotropic distillation with benzene), bromine (1500 g dried by shaking with 11 of concentrated H2S04), and PC13 (15 ml) are heated at 70-80° until the deep red color of bromine has disappeared from the condenser (10-20 h). More bromine (25 ml) is added and heating continued to disappearance of the red color, the oil bath temperature is raised slowly to 100-105° and kept there for 1.5-2 h, and the mixture is distilled in a vacuum. The fraction of b.p. 110-125°/ 15 mm (87.5-88.6%) is used for preparation of DL-valine. 

Phytochemistry See Ferula foetida for general information on the genus Ferula. The roots contain up to 21.5 % resins containing phytosterin, vanillic acid, umbelliferone, fatty acids (including isovaleric), up to 4 % essential oil, consisting of linalyl acetate, citronellyl acetate, ferulene, sesquiterpenes, doremon, doremol and its acetic ester, as well as the sesquiterpene sambulene and up to 24.41 % total sugars (Tsukurvanik and Simkhaev 1948 Khalmatov 1964). The dried roots contained many different coumarins and sesquiterpene lactones (Zhou et al. 2000 El-Razek et al. 2001). 

Alcohol occurring as isovaleric ester in the root-bark of Cdlotropis gigantea. Dry and. Hexagonal plates from EtOH-Et. M.p. 176°. Spar. sol. EtOH. CrOg in AoOH —y mudario acid, m.p. 225°. 

Root contains inulin (up to approx. 45%) polyacetylenes (0.001-0.002%, dry-weight basis) consisting mainly of 1,1 l-tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-tetrayne and 1,3,1 l-tridecatriene-5,7,9-triyne arctic acid and lappaphens a and b (acetylenic acids containing S) volatile acids (acetic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, 3-hexenoic, 3-octenoic, costic, etc.) and nonhydroxy acids (lauric, myristic, stearic, palmitic, etc.) a... 

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