Lauric acid, methyl ester

A soap-based powder can be produced in combination with ester sulfonates. Thirty-five percent of a sodium soap mixture (5% lauric acid, 5% myristic acid, 52% palmitic acid, 21% stearic acid, 12% oleic acid, and 5% linoleic acid) is mixed with 15% sodium a-sulfo palm oil fatty acid methyl ester, 3% lauric acid ethoxylate, 5% sodium silicate, 17% sodium carbonate, 20% Na2S04- 10H2O, and 5% water [79]. 

Parrish (1977) reviewed the research and development of lactose ester-type surfactants carried out by Scholnick and his colleagues (Scholnick et al. 1974, 1975 Scholnick and Linfield 1977). Their initial attempts to form lactose esters followed the same transesterification procedures that had been used with sucrose (a fatty acid methyl ester in N,N-dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate as the catalyst). Their successful approach was the reaction of lactose in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent with fatty acid chlorides, resulting in yields of 88 to 95% for esters of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and tallow fatty acids. The principal product was the monoester, which is important for detergent use, since diesters and higher esters of lactose are not water soluble. 

Dodecanedioic acid 1,12-Dodecanedioic acid. See Cl 2 dibasic acid Dodecanoic acid, diester with 1,2,3-propanetriol. See Glyceryl dilaurate Dodecanoic acid 1,2-ethanediyl ester. See Glycol dilaurate Dodecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl ester. See PEG-2 laurate Dodecanoic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl ester. See Propylene glycol laurate Dodecanoic acid methyl ester. See Methyl laurate Dodecanoic acid, mixed triesters with octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and 1,2,3-propanetriol. See Captylic/capric/lauric triglyceride Dodecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2-propanediol. See Propylene glycol laurate... 

Today palm oil is widely used in food applicahons and preferred for frying and baking applications because of its good oxidative stability and high solid fat content. Palm oil contains about 50% saturated (42 8% palmitic and 4-5% stearic acids) and 50% unsaturated fatty acids (37-41% linoleic and 9-11% linolenic acids). The fatty acid composition of palm kernel oil resembles that of the coconut oil rather than that of palm oil. Palm kernel oil is rich in lauric (about 48%), myristic (16%) and oleic (15%) acids. Both palm oil and pahn kernel oil are commercially separated into stearin (solid) and olein (liquid) fractions for special applications. The stearin fraction obtained from palm kernel can be used as a cocoa butter substitute. The olein fraction is used in baked goods and soap manufacturing. Imitation palm-oil-based cheese, hand and body lotion, fatty acid methyl esters for use as fuel or solvent, and epoxidized pahn oil to produce plasticizers and stabilizers for conventional polyvinyl chloride plastics are some of the other products that are produced from palm oil (Basiron, 2005). 

Synonyms Dodecanolc acid methyl ester Laurie add methyl ester Methyl dode-canoate Methyl n-dodecanoate Methyl dodecylate Methyl laurinate Definition Ester of methyl alcohol and lauric acid Empiricai C jHjeOj Formuia CH,(CH2)[Pg.2213]

Many of the surfactants made from ethyleneamines contain the imidazoline stmcture or are prepared through an imidazoline intermediate. Various 2-alkyl-imidazolines and their salts prepared mainly from EDA or monoethoxylated EDA are reported to have good foaming properties (292—295). Ethyleneamine-based imida zolines are also important intermediates for surfactants used in shampoos by virtue of their mildness and good foaming characteristics. 2- Alkyl imidazolines made from DETA or monoethoxylated EDA and fatty acids or their methyl esters are the principal commercial intermediates (296—298). They are converted into shampoo surfactants commonly by reaction with one or two moles of sodium chloroacetate to yield amphoteric surfactants (299—301). The ease with which the imidazoline intermediates are hydrolyzed leads to arnidoamine-type stmctures when these derivatives are prepared under aqueous alkaline conditions. However, reaction of the imidazoline under anhydrous conditions with acryflc acid [79-10-7] to make salt-free, amphoteric products, leaves the imidazoline stmcture essentially intact. Certain polyamine derivatives also function as water-in-oil or od-in-water emulsifiers. These include the products of a reaction between DETA, TETA, or TEPA and fatty acids (302) or oxidized hydrocarbon wax (303). The amidoamine made from lauric acid [143-07-7] and DETA mono- and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is a very effective water-in-od emulsifier (304). 

Using PTLC six major fractions of lipids (phospholipids, free sterols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, methyl esters, and sterol esters) were separated from the skin lipids of chicken to smdy the penetration responses of Schistosoma cercaria and Austrobilharzia variglandis [79a]. To determine the structure of nontoxic lipids in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhimurium, monophosphoryl lipids were separated from these lipids using PTLC. The separated fractions were used in FAB-MS to determine [3-hydroxymyristic acid, lauric acid, and 3-hydroxymyristic acids [79b]. 

The wide availability of relatively inexpensive dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) allows surfactant producers to convert economic triglycerides, fatty acids and methyl esters into amido -functional tertiary amines that may then be quaternized with sodium chloroacetate to produce alkylamidopropyl betaines (see Figure 6.15). The most economically significant of these is cocamidopropyl betaine which can be produced from a variety of feedstocks and lauramidopropyl betaine which is generally produced from lauric acid. These are widely used secondary surfactants in consumer products such as shampoos, bath products, washing up liquids and other cleaners. 

Laurone has been prepared by hydrating and decarboxylating decylketene dimer.3 It has also been prepared by distilling calcium laurate 4 by heating lauric acid with phosphorus pent-oxide 5 by heating barium laurate under reduced pressure 6 by the ester condensation of ethyl laurate with sodium ethoxide 7 or of methyl laurate with sodium hydride 8 followed by ketonic hydrolysis by catalytic ketonization of lauric acid over a chromate catalyst 9 or by passing lauric acid over thorium dioxide at 400°.10... 

Methyl Ester-Based Processes. The fatty methyl esters are produced predominantly by the transesterification of fats and oils with methanol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst under very mild reaction conditions.l5a,b They are used in the production of lauric-type (Cl2) alcohols. The short-chain fatty methyl esters (C8-Cl0), produced as by-products via the fractional distillation of crude lauric-type (coconut, palm kernel) methyl esters, are converted to fatty acids via acidic or alkaline hydrolysis (Fig. 36.12). The hydrolysis of short-chain fatty methyl esters by stream splitting or Twitchell-type processes is not very efficient because of unfavorable equilibrium constants.16a,b... 

The distillation of lauric acid (or other high-boiling acids) over the catalyst bed is difficult and gives poor yields however, when the lower-boiling methyl ester is used, laurone is obtained in a 93% yield. Similarly, the ethyl ester of 9-undecenoic acid gives undecylenone (86%). 

Alkanolamine-Fatty Acid Condensates Made by reaction of methyl or triglyceride ester of fatty acid with equimolar amount of alkanolamine (about 90% alkanolamide content in product from methyl ester, 80% from triglyceride). Mainly based on coconut or purified coconut (lauric) esters. 

These practically important nonionic surfactants are produced by interaction of a fatty acid, its methyl ester, or another derivative and aminoalcohol. Thus, about equal mole fraction of lauric acid and 2-aminoethanol at 150 °C yield lauric ethanolamide ... 

In a recent communication on Capsicum volatiles concentration, Teranlshi e al. (13) reported isolating from the oleoresin the methyl esters of lauric, palmitic, and stearic acid, as well as free acetic acid, along with traces of several C C5 acids. 

Laurie acid, myristic acid, caproic acid Oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid Methyl or ethyl esters of lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid... 

DeTinition Ester of methyl alcohol and lauric acid Empirical CuHjbOj Formula CHj(CHj COOCH,... 

Trade Name Synonyms Silube 55 t[Lambent Tech, http //www.petroferm.com]] Silwax WD-IS t[Lambent Tech, http //www.petroferm.com] Dimethicone copolyol laurate Synonyms Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl methyl, ethers with polyethylene glycol monododecanoate Definition Partial ester of dimethicone copolyol and lauric acid... 

Definition Ester of methyl glucoside and lauric acid Empincai C19H34O7... 

Definition Mixt. of mono- and di-esters of methyl glucoside and lauric acid Uses Emollient, emulsifier in cosmetics Methyl glucose sesquioleate Synonyms D-Glucopyranoside, methyl, 9-octadecenoate (2 3)... 

Synonyms Glycols, polyethylene, monolaurate POE laurate Polyethylene glycol monolaurate Polyglycol laurate Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-(1 -oxododecyl)-w-hydroxy-Polyoxyethylene monolaurate Definition PEG ester of lauric acid Formuia CH3(CH2)ioCO(OCH2CH2)nOR, R = H. methyl-, n = 4-100... 

Definition PEG ether of the ester of methyl glucose and lauric acid with avg. 80 moles EO Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Glucamate MLE-80 t[Amerchol http //www.dow.com]... 

Definition Sodium salt of the lauric acid ester of isethionic acid Empirical C14H28O5S Na Formula CH3(CH2)ioCOOCH2CH2S03Na Uses Antistat, surfactant in cosmetics, syndet bars, liq. skin cleansers Sodium lauroyl lactylate CAS 13557-75-0 EINECS/ELINCS 236-942-6 Synonyms Dodecanoic acid, 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-1 -methyl-2-oxoethyl ester, sodium salt Sodium 2-(1-carboxylatoethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl laurate Definition Sodium salt of the lauric acid ester of lactyl lactate... 

Caprylic/capric triglyceride PEG-4 esters Diisopropyl sebacate Isopropyl isostearate PEG-4 ditallate PEG-40 sorbitan peroleate PEG-20 sorbitan triisostearate PEG-100 stearate Stearyl stearate solubilizer, benzophenone Cetyl ricinoleate solubilizer, benzophenone-3 Dioctyl maleate Methyl acetyl ricinoleate Octyl palmitate Octyl salicylate solubilizer, biocides Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-lauric acid-amidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-myristyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-palmityl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-stearyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine... 

The sodium salts of Q -sulfo fatty acid methylesters are soluble in water and resistant to hydrolysis in the pH range of 3-10. They are also only slightly sensitive to water hardness and offer good detergency in combination with other surfactants. Their foaming ability decreases strongly from the lauric methylester to the stearic methyl ester. 

Most alkanolamides are made with lauric-range (C12-C14) fatty acids or methyl esters. Increasing the carbon chain length decreases the water solubility, which is why higher-molecular-weight versions are used in oil-soluble applications (e.g. metalworking fluids). 

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