Inhibitors surfactant properties

Uses Emulsifier EP lube additive antistat corrosion inhibitor surfactant Properties Liq, 100% cone. 

Modification of surface properties Antistatic agent Slip agent Antiblocking agent Adhesion promoter Corrosion inhibitor Surfactant ... 

Recently, a new class of inhibitors (nonionic polymer surfactants) was identified as promising agents for drug formulations. These compounds are two- or three-block copolymers arranged in a linear ABA or AB structure. The A block is a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide) chain. The B block can be a hydrophobic lipid (in copolymers BRIJs, MYRJs, Tritons, Tweens, and Chremophor) or a poly(propylene oxide) chain (in copolymers Pluronics [BASF Corp., N.J., USA] and CRL-1606). Pluronic block copolymers with various numbers of hydrophilic EO (,n) and hydrophobic PO (in) units are characterized by distinct hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Due to their amphiphilic character these copolymers display surfactant properties including ability to interact with hydrophobic surfaces and biological membranes. In aqueous solutions with concentrations above the CMC, these copolymers self-assemble into micelles. 

The protection of metal surfaces by anticorrosion agents " - is also applied to heat exchangers, in the hydrogen fluoride cleaning of surfaces, with printing inks, with primers for coatings, etc. A typical derivative having corrosion inhibitor and surfactant properties is represented by 583, employed on steel surfaces. ... 

Some corrosion inhibitors have properties that are normally associated with surfactants. Recently, Pebere et al. studied 2-hexadecylimidazoline and 2-hexadecy-iimidazole as inhibitors of a carbon steel in HCI containing H2S, and they obtained a protection vs. inhibitor concentration profile similar to that often seen with cationic surfactants that is, there was a sharp increase in protection below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) followed by a leveling off at the CMC. Above the CMC, the inhibitors appear to form thick adherent films that act as diffusion barriers. In contrast, a study of the effects of ethoxylated alcohols (nonionic surfactants) and quaternary nitrogen salts (cationic surfactants) on the performance of the inhibitor cinnamaldehyde on mild steel in 15% HCI indicates that in these cases the surfactants co-adsorb with the inhibitor and produce a maximum effect far below their CMCs. ... 

Uses Surfactant, corrosion inhibitor for oil field use intermediate in m. of other cationic surfactants Properties Pale amber liq. 100% act. 

Uses Emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, detergent booster, antistat for acid thickening systems, agric. adjuvants, textile processing aids, petrol, prod, and refining chem. intermediate for surfactants Properties Gardner 9 max. color amine no. 187-198 Toxicology Can cause burns or irritation to skin and eyes EC-25 [Loders Croklaan Inc]... 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty acid alkanol amide Ionic Nature Nonionic Chem. Analysis 1.5% moisture Uses Corrosion inhibitor, surfactant in metal cleaning Properties Brn. cl. liq. sol. in min. oils water-disp. dens. 1.00 g/cc 98% act. InnovaItT [Innophosj... 

Uses Amphoteric surfactant base corrosion inhibitor, surfactant, emulsifier, antistat, conditioner, lubricant in cosmetics vise, booster Properties Semisolid/liq. 98% act. 

Uses Surfactant and conosion inhibitor Features Compat. with anionic surfactants Properties Liq. cloud pt. (1% in 10% NaCI) 81-85 C Serdox NKL 6 [Elementis Spec. Europe]... 

Uses Emulsifier corrosion inhibitor surfactant chemical intemiediale producing ethoxyiates for detergent applies., hydrochlorides/acelates for emulsifiers, dispersants, and alginates Properties Liq. 85% cone. 

Uses Industrial corrosion inhibitor for cutting oil formulations, oil drilling, and refinery operations chemical intermediate for surfactants Properties Amber liq., paste char, odor m.w, 290 dens. 0.91 g/cm 88% tert. amine... 

Some of the physical properties of fatty acid nitriles are Hsted in Table 14 (see also Carboxylic acids). Eatty acid nitriles are produced as intermediates for a large variety of amines and amides. Estimated U.S. production capacity (1980) was >140, 000 t/yr. Eatty acid nitriles are produced from the corresponding acids by a catalytic reaction with ammonia in the Hquid phase. They have Httie use other than as intermediates but could have some utility as surfactants (qv), mst inhibitors, and plastici2ers (qv). 

Petroleum sulfonates are widely used as solubilizers, dispersants (qv), emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors (see Corrosion and corrosion inhibitors). More recentiy, they have emerged as the principal surfactant associated with expanding operations in enhanced oil recovery (66). Alkaline-earth salts of petroleum sulfonates are used in large volumes as additives in lubricating fluids for sludge dispersion, detergency, corrosion inhibition, and micellar solubilization of water. The chemistry and properties of petroleum sulfonates have been described (67,68). Principal U.S. manufacturers include Exxon and Shell, which produce natural petroleum sulfonates, and Pilot, which produces synthetics. 

Miscellaneous Derivatives. Fimehc acid is used as an intermediate in some pharmaceuticals and in aroma chemicals ethylene brassylate is a synthetic musk (114). Salts of the diacids have shown utUity as surfactants and as corrosion inhibitors. The alkaline, ammonium, or organoamine salts of glutaric acid (115) or C-5—C-16 diacids (116) are useflil as noncorrosive components for antifreeze formulations, as are methylene azelaic acid and its alkah metal salt (117). Salts derived from C-21 diacids are used primarily as surfactants and find apphcation in detergents, fabric softeners, metal working fluids, and lubricants (118). The salts of the unsaturated C-20 diacid also exhibit anticorrosion properties, and the sodium salts of the branched C-20 diacids have the abUity to complex heavy metals from dilute aqueous solutions (88). 

Because of their surfactant and filming properties fatty amines such as coco-alkylamine acetate (and more especially diamines, such as tallow propylenediamine) are also occasionally employed in other types of water treatment programs. For example, they may be used as corrosion inhibitors for steel cooling systems, especially those smaller units where minimal operational control is provided. The amines must be continuously dosed to ensure good film formation (and thus corrosion protection), typically at 5 to 10 ppm active amine. They also tend to have good biostatic control properties, which provide a benefit of algal and bacterial control at no extra cost. 

Cetane engine, 12 422 Cetane number, 18 668 of diesel fuel, 12A22-A23 Ceteareth-10, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Ceteareth-40, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Cetoleic acid, physical properties, 5 31t Cetone alpha, 24 565 CETP inhibitors, 5 144t Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), 4 358t. 

The first two components are the active surfactants, whereas the other components are added for a variety of reasons. The polyphosphate chelate Ca ions which are present (with Mg ions also) in so-called hard waters and prevents them from coagulating the anionic surfactants. Zeolite powders are often used to replace phosphate because of their nutrient properties in river systems. Sodium silicate is added as a corrosion inhibitor for washing machines and also increases the pH. The pH is maintained at about 10 by the sodium carbonate. At lower pH values the acid form of the surfactants are produced and in most cases these are either insoluble or much less soluble than the sodium salt. Sodium sulphate is added to prevent caking and ensures free-flowing powder. The cellulose acts as a protective hydrophilic sheath around dispersed dirt particles and prevents re-deposition on the fabric. Foam stabilizers (non-ionic surfactants) are sometimes added to give a... 

Although many factors, such as film thickness and adsorption behaviour, have to be taken into account, the ability of a surfactant to reduce surface tension and contribute to surface elasticity are among the most important features of foam stabilization (see Section 5.4.2). The relation between Marangoni surface elasticity and foam stability [201,204,305,443] partially explains why some surfactants will act to promote foaming while others reduce foam stability (foam breakers or defoamers), and still others prevent foam formation in the first place (foam preventatives, foam inhibitors). Continued research into the dynamic physical properties of thin-liquid films and bubble surfaces is necessary to more fully understand foaming behaviour. Schramm et al. [306] discuss some of the factors that must be considered in the selection of practical foam-forming surfactants for industrial processes. 

Gas hydrate inhibitors. Gas hydrates, solid water clathrates containing small hydrocarbons, are problematic for oil and gas production because they can precipitate and cause line blockage. Simple cationic surfactants containing at least two butyl groups were previously developed to inhibit formation of gas hydrate precipitates in gas production lines [87]. However, similar to the situation with cationic drag reduction additives, poor toxicity profiles prevent widespread commercial acceptance. Ester quaternaries with structures somewhat similar to those used in fabric care have been claimed as hydrate inhibitors [88 ]. Additionally, certain alkylether quaternary compounds, e.g. C12-C14 alkyl polyethoxy oxypropyl tributyl ammonium bromide, were shown to have hydrate inhibition properties [89]. 

Similar chelating properties are exhibited by the following agents (see also Ref. 36) scale inhibitors, sequestering agents, water softeners, surfactants, peroxide. stabilizers, soil antiredeposition agents, well-drilling needs,- etc. 

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