Cetoleic acid

Cetane engine, 12 422 Cetane number, 18 668 of diesel fuel, 12A22-A23 Ceteareth-10, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Ceteareth-40, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Cetoleic acid, physical properties, 5 31t Cetone alpha, 24 565 CETP inhibitors, 5 144t Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), 4 358t. 

Erucic acid (Table VIII) plus cetoleic acid from partially hydrogenated herring oil (22 1 = 24.1% Beare-Rogers et al., 1971) used In margarine and shortening (Tables I, V and VI). 

The c/s and trans forms of cetoleic acid have not been tested in a controlled experiment. In one study, unhydrogenated fish oil was compared to partially hydrogenated fish oil with a similar level of 22 1 (Opstvedt et al., 1979). Partially hydrogenated fish oil, which contains trans isomers, again gave a lower level of cardiac 22 1 in rats than unhydrogenated fish oil even... 

The two most common naturally occurring c/s docosenoic acids are erucic acid (c/s 22 1 n-9) found in the seed oil of the Brassica family and ceto-leic acid (c/s 22 1 n-11) found mainly in marine oils (Ackman et ai, 1971a). The cetoleic acid in fish oils is derived by oxidation of the corresponding alcohol present in small Crustacea which form part of the food chain for marine life (Nenenzel, 1970 Pascal and Ackman, 1976). To date, no longterm studies have been reported in which these two docosenoic fatty acids were fed in purified form. When a comparison was made between a HEAR... 

That peroxisomal p-oxidation probably played an important role in the metabolism of erucic and cetoleic acids was recognized quite early by the investigators who were concerned about the adverse nutritional effects of these long chain monoenoic fatty acids. 

Evidence for the incomplete P-oxidation of erucic and cetoleic acids, a process commonly referred to as chain shortening, has been presented by... 

The lipid content in pig hearts normally is approximately 2%, which is similar to that observed in rat hearts. Little is known about the cardiac lipid content of monkeys fed a low fat control diet. These species respond differently to experimental diets which contain high levels of fat and are rich in docosenoic acid. In the rat and pig studies (Fig. 1) HEAR oils were fed which contained erucic acid (22 1 n-9). In some of the monkey studies fish oils were fed which contained cetoleic acid (22 1 n-11) as the main docosenoic acid isomer. The results from both 22 1 isomers are combined because of their similarity in response. 

Fig. 1. The concentration (mg/g wet weight) of the total cardiac lipids and the cardiac triglycerides of rats, pigs, and monkeys fed a low fat control diet (time 0) and diets to which a control oil (first bar) or a docosenoic acid containing oil (second bar) was added. The portion of triglycerides in the total lipids are indicated by a hatched bar wherever this information is available. Source of data rat (Kramer and Hulan, 1978 Kramer et al., 1979) pig, 1.4 weeks (Opstvedt et al., 1979), all other values (Kramer et a/., 1975) and monkey, 1 and 10 weeks (Beare-Rogers and Nera, 1972), all other values (Ackman, 1980). Erucic acid was the docosenoic acid in all studies except the monkey data from Ackman (1980) who fed partially hydrogenated fish oil containing mainly cetoleic acid.

Cetoleic acid, a positional isomer of erucic acid, also causes an accumulation of cardiac TG in the rat. It may be concluded from the results of these studies (Table VI) that the accumulation of heart TG is similar if the concentration of cetoleic and erucic acids in the diet is the same. In only one report does there appear to be a difference between the two positional isomers. Astorg and Cluzan (1977) reported less myocardial TG accumulation with cetoleic than erucic acid. The authors attributed this decrease in TG accumulation to an increase of the 18 2 content in the dietary fat from 1.33 to... 

Decyl ketene dimer Tetradecyl ketene dimer Octadecyl ketene dimer Docosyl ketene dimer Phenyl ketene dimer Cyclohexyl ketene dimer Naphthenic acid ketene dimer 10-Dodecylenic acid ketene dimer Oleic acid ketene dimer Petroselinic acid ketene dimer Linoleic acid ketene dimer Eleostearic acid ketene dimer Parinaric acid ketene dimer Gadoleic acid ketene dimer Cetoleic acid ketene dimer Selacholeic acid ketene dimer Babassu oil ketene dimer Palm oil ketene dimer Peanut oil ketene dimer Beef tallow ketene dimer... 

Ccepryn, in H-00209 Celidoniol, see N-00005 Celidonione, see N-00006 >Cellocidin, in B-00042 >Cepacol, in H-00209 Cerane, see H-00128 Cerinic acid, see H-00131 Cerotic acid, see H-00131 >Ccrulenin, C-00012 Ceryl iodide, see 1-00059 >Cetab, in H-00210 Cetalkonium, see B-00003 Cetalkonium chloride, in B-00003 Cetane, see H-00164 Cetoleic acid, in D-00206 >Cetrimide, in H-00210 Cetrimonium, see H-00210 >Cetrimonium bromide, in H-00210 >Cetyl alcohol, see H-00169... 

Cetoleic acid n. CH CH2)9CH=CH CU2)9 COOH. One of the constituent fatty acids of many fish oils. It has a single double bond. 

Behenic acid Cetolic acid Erucic acid Brassidic acid... 

Other docosenoic acids, such as cetoleic acid 1-docosenoic acid) found in fish and marine animal oils, and in partially hydrogenated fish oils used in blended human dietary fats, have also been shown to cause lipidosis when fed at high concentrations to the test animals— but to a significantly less extent than erucic acid. The formation of long-term lesions from this diet is, however, less marked, and more variable from species to species of test animal. Comprehensive reviews on the dietary effects of docosenoic acids have been prepared by Beare-Rogers and the FAO/WHO. ... 

In the knowledge that there was no method available to determine erucic acid in the presence of cetoleic acid, LGC had already in early 1976 started to explore the possibilities of argentation TLC, at about the same time as lAFMM were arranging their capillary GLC preliminary studies. 

THE ERUCIC ACID, CETOLEIC ACID AND TOTAL 32 1 FATTY ACID CONTENT OF HERRING OIL AND RAPESEED OIL BLENDS... 

Erucic acid Cetoleic acid 6-1 Erucic acid plus cetoleic acid 17-1 Total C22 l by GLC... 

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