Eatty acids

Rubinson, J. E. Neyer-Hilvert, J. Integration of GG-MS Instrumentation into the Undergraduate Laboratory Separation and Identification of Eatty Acids in Gommercial Eats and Oils, /. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1106-1108. 

Eatty acids from commercial fats and oils, such as peanut oil, are extracted with methanolic NaOH and made volatile by derivatizing with a solution of methanol/BE3. Separations are carried out using a capillary 5% phenylmethyl silicone column with MS detection. By searching the associated spectral library students are able to identify the fatty acids present in their sample. Quantitative analysis is by external standards. 

Some of the physical properties of fatty acid nitriles are Hsted in Table 14 (see also Carboxylic acids). Eatty acid nitriles are produced as intermediates for a large variety of amines and amides. Estimated U.S. production capacity (1980) was >140, 000 t/yr. Eatty acid nitriles are produced from the corresponding acids by a catalytic reaction with ammonia in the Hquid phase. They have Httie use other than as intermediates but could have some utility as surfactants (qv), mst inhibitors, and plastici2ers (qv). 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

The primary products used are fatty acids with 12—18 carboa atoms and fatty alcohols, or esters of fatty acids such as the glycerides of rapeseed and lard oil (18). Eatty acid amines and amides are used ia metal working, particularly ia emulsions (18). 

Bisamides. Methylenebisamides are prepared by the reaction of the primary fatty amide and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. AijAT-Methylenebisoleamide has been made via this route without the use of refluxing solvent (55). Polymethylenebisamides can be made from fatty acid, esters, or acid haUdes with diamines while producing water, alcohol, or mineral acid by-products. Eatty acids and diamines, typically ethylenediamine, have been condensed in the presence of NaBH and NaH2P02 to yield bisamides (56). When stearic acid, ethylenediamine, and methyl acetate react for 6 h at... 

A. W. Ralston, Eatty Acids and Their Derivatives,]ohn Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1948, p. 582. 

Eatty acid soap was first used for ESBR. Its scarcity prompted the investigation of rosin acids from gum and wood as substitutes (1). The discovery of the disproportionation of rosin allowed rosin acid soaps to overcome the polymerization inhibition of untreated rosin acids. Rosin acid soaps gave the added benefit of tack to the finished polymer. In the 1990s, both fatty acid and rosin acid soaps, mainly derived from tall oil, are used in ESBR. 

Eatty acid ethoxylates are used extensively in the textile industry as emulsifiers for processing oils, antistatic agents (qv), softeners, and fiber lubricants, and as detergents in scouring operations. They also find appHcation as emulsifiers in cosmetic preparations and pesticide formulations. Eatty acid ethoxylates are manufactured either by alkaH-catalyzed reaction of fatty acids with ethylene oxide or by acid-catalyzed esterification of fatty acids with preformed poly(ethylene glycol). Deodorization steps are commonly incorporated into the manufacturing process. 

Anhydrosorbitol Esters. Eatty acid esters of anhydrosorbitol (see Alcohols,polyhydric) are the second largest class of carboxyHc ester surfactants. The important commercial products are the mono-, di-, and triesters of sorbitan and fatty acids (Table 18). Sorbitan is a mixture of anhydrosorbitols, principally 1,4-sorbitan (1) and isosorbide (2) ... 

Trade name Ester Eatty acid poe Eunctions Manufacturer... 

Eatty acid Temperature, °C Acetone T oluene / -Heptane... 

Branched-Chain Saturated Acids" under "Eatty Acids (Branched-Chain)" in ECT 1st ed., VoL 6, pp. 259—262, by M. D. Reiner (in part), and J. A. Eield (in part). Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. "Branched-Chain Acids" under "Eatty Acids" in ECT 2nd ed., VoL 8, pp. 849—850, by W. C. Ault, U.S. Department of Agriculture "Branched-Chain Acids" under "Carboxylic Acids" in ECT 3rd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 861—863, by R. W. Johnson, Jr., Union Camp Corp. 

Reggio, P.H. (2002) Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Eatty Acids 66, 143-160. 

Bromic acid Unknown 1 Eatty acids Unknown s... 

Cistola, D.P. Kim, K. Rogl, H. Erieden, C. Eatty acid interactions with a helix-less variant of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. 

Shobana, S., and K. A. Naidu. Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Eatty Acids 2000 62(2) 107-110. Ahmed, R. S., V. Seth, S. T. Pasha, and B. D. Banerjee. Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on oxidative stress induced by malathion in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2000 38(5) 443-450. 

ZOl88 Srivastava, K. C. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prosto-glandins Leukotrienes Essent Eatty Acids 1989 35(3) 183-185. 

Eatty acids such as oleic, capric, linoleic acids, and their monoglycerides Bile salts such as cholate, taurocholate and derivatives, UDCA, CDCA, SCG, STDHF Homovanilate... 

Triacylglycerols (Eigure 5.4) consist of a glycerol backbone to which three fatty acids are esterified (Ri.Ra.Rs). Eatty acids are stored as triacylglycerol in all cells, but primarily in adipocytes of adipose tissue. The fatty acids in triacylglycerols are predominantly saturated. The major building block for the synthesis of triacylglycerols, in tissues other than adipose,... 

Prostaglandins, Leucotrienes and Essential Eatty Acids, January 1999. 

Kumar CA, Das UN. Lipid peroxides, nitric oxide and essential fatty acids in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Eatty Acids 1999 61 255-258. Xiao L, Patterson PS, Yang C, Lai AA. Role of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of murine cerebral malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1999 60 668-673. 

De Vriese SR, Christophe AB, Maes M. In humans, the seasonal variation in poly-unsaturated fatty acids is related to the seasonal variation in violent suicide and serotonergic markers of violent suicide. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Eatty Acids 2004 71 13-18. 

Das UN. From bench to the clinic y-linolenic acid therapy of human gliomas. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essen. Eatty Acids 2004 70 539-552. 

Eatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. Over 1000 fatty acids are known with different chain length, positions. 

SUNFLOWER SEED OE MODIFIED EATTY ACID COMPOSITION... 

SUNFLOWER SEED OE MODIFIED EATTY ACID COMPOSITION 679 TABLE 7. Fatty Acid Composition (%) of High-Oieic Sunfiower Oii (37, 41, 43). 

N. Tada, Ejfect of Oral Diacylglycerol Loading on Postprandial Hyperlipidemia in Men, 5th International Congress on Essential Eatty Acids and Eicosanoids, Diacylglycerol and Human Health Session, Taipei, Taiwan, 2002. 

SATURATED, ISOMERIC MONOENOIC, AND UNUSUAL EATTY ACIDS 291... 

Error Eatty acids Eoot and mouth disease... 

Eatty acids (e.g., sodium caprate, sodium caprylate, sodium laurate, and sodium oleate)... 

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