Hepatomas

Uracil is used more effectively, in nucleic acid synthesis within a rat hepatoma than in normal liver. This observation appears to have stimulated the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (1027) as an antimetabolite mainly because the introduction of a fluorine atom involves a minimal increase in size. In the event, 5-fluorouracil did prove to have antineoplastic activity and it is now a valuable drug for treatment of tumors of the breast, colon or rectum, and to a lesser extent, gastric, hepatic, pancreatic, uterine, ovarian and bladder carcinomas. As with other drugs which interfere with DNA synthesis, the therapeutic index is quite low and great care is required during treatment (69MI21301). 

Hong SH, Cho O, Kim K, Shin HJ, Kotenko SV, Park S (2007) Effect of interferon-lambda on replication of hepatitis B virus in human hepatoma cells. Virus Res 126 245-249 Hoofnagle JH, Mullen KD, Jones DB, Rustgi V, Di BiscegUe A, Peters M, Waggoner JG, Park Y, Jones EA (1986) Treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with recombinant human alpha interferon. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 315 1575-1578 Horiike N, Onji M (2003) Combination therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin as im-munomodulators in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 38 302-304... 

Dubois M, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, De Waziers I, etal. 1996. Selective induction of the cyp3a family by endosulfan and DNA-adduct formation in different hepatic and hepatoma cells. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology l(4) 249-256. 

Using human hepatoma-derived cell lines Kong et al. [268] showed that berberine increased mRNA and protein as well as the function of hepatic linear low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). It does not stimulate the transcription of LDLR, as the LDLR promoter activity was not increased by this compound. Post-transcriptional regulation appears to be the main working mechanism underlying the effect of this alkaloid on LDLR expression. It was proposed that berberine can be used as a monotherapy to treat hypercholes-terolemic patients [268]. Very recently it was observed [269] that berberine reduces cholesterol and Upid accumulations in plasma as well as Uver. 

Corrocher, R, Casaril, M., Bellisola, G., Gabrielli, G.B., Nicoli, N., Guidi, G.C. and DeSandre, G. (1986). Severe impairment of antioxidant systems in human hepatoma. Cancer 58, 1658-1662. 

The classic example of a peroxisome proliferator is clofibrate. This compound was developed as a drug for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia disorders. Given to rodents, it induces the proliferation in the liver of peroxisomes and, at high concentrations over a prolonged period of time, induces the development of hepatomas. A number of other compounds are now known to possess this property, many of them structural analogues of clofibrate (Reddy and Rao, 1986). 

Josic, Dj., Hofmann, W., Wieland, B., Nuck, R., and Reutter, W., Anion-ex-change high-performance liquid chromatography of membrane proteins from liver and Morris hepatomas, /. Chromatogr., 359, 315, 1986. 

Neoplasms (e.g., hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and bile duct cancer)... 

They also express thanks to Prof. S. Suzuki, Prof. M. Suzuki, Prof. T. Matsumoto of Tohoku College of Pharmacy for the measurement of growth-inhibitory effects against MH134Y hepatoma and Meth-A fibrosarcoma in mice sc/iv. 

Til. Tani, K., Yoshida, M. C., Satoh, H., Mitamura, K Noguchi, T Tanaka, T., Fujii, H., and Miwa, S., Human M2-type pyruvate kinase cDNA cloning, chromosomal assignment and expression in hepatoma. Gene 73,509-516 (1988). 

Heiman AS, Tonner LE. 1995. The acute effect of lead acetate on glucocorticoid regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatoma cells. Toxicology 100(l-3) 57-68. 

Tonner LE, Heiman AS. 1997. Lead may affect glucocorticoid signal transduction in cultured hepatoma cells through inhibition of protein kinase C. Toxicology 119 155-166. 

Lin CC, Ng LT, Hsu FF, Shieh DE, Chiang LC. Cytotoxic effects of Coptis chinensis and Epimedium sagittatum extracts and their major constituents (berberine, coptisine and icariin) on hepatoma and leukaemia cell growth. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004 31 65-69. 

The follicles are used to treat asthma and cough and to mitigate painful swollen breasts. A paste of the leave is applied to contusion. Essential oil distilled from the follicles induced apoptotic death in HepG2 human hepatoma cells in a concentration- and time-related manner, and inhibited tumor development of mice inoculated with Huh-7 human hepatoma cells (33). 

Royleanone, horminone, and acetyl horminone isolated from the roots of Salvia officinalis L. abrogated the survival of colon carcinoma cell Caco-2 and human hepatoma cell HepG2, cultured in vitro with induction of DNA breaks (48). 

Paik SY, Koh KH, Beak SM, Paek SH, Kim JA. The essential oils from Zanthoxylum schinifolium pericarp induce apoptosis of HepG2 human hepatoma cells through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Biol Pharm Bull 2005 28 802-807. 

Liu J, Shen HM, Ong CN. Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett 2000 153 85-93. 

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