Cytotoxic effects

Because the cytotoxic effects of the energetic lithium-7 and alpha particles are spaciaHy limited to a range of only about one-ceU diameter, the destmctive effects are confined to only one or two cells near the site of the event. Thus BNCT involves the selective deUvery of sufficiendy high concentrations of B-containing compounds to tumor sites followed by the irradiation of these sites with a beam of relatively nondestmctive thermal neutrons. The resulting cytotoxic reaction can then in theory destroy the tumor cells that are intimately associated with B target. 

Hensten-Pettersen, A. and Jacobsen, N. Nickel Corrosion of Non-precious Casting Alloys and the Cytotoxic Effect of Nickel In Vitro , Journal of Bioengineering, 2, 419-425 (1978)... 

Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) In vivo each chloroethylamine group undergoes intramolecular cy-clization with release of a chloride ion. The so formed highly reactive ethylen-immonium derivative alkylates DNA and other biomolecules and causes the cytotoxic effect. 

Nicotinamide potentiates the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatment against tumor cells. This effect is probably attributable to increased... 

RAR 3 > RARy > > RARa. It does not bind to any of the RXRs. This retinoid derivative is said to have lower cytotoxic effects than other retinoids while achieving sustained therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of plaque type psoriasis. 

An interesting application of the photodynamic properties of porphyrins is their possible use in the treatment of certain types of cancer, a procedure called cancer phototherapy. Tumors often take up more porphyrins than do normal tissues. Thus, hematopor-phyrin or other related compounds are administered to a patient with an appropriate mmor. The mmor is then exposed to an argon laser, which excites the porphyrins, producing cytotoxic effects. 

Han Y, He T, Huang DR, Pardo CA, Ransohoff RM (2001) TNF-alpha mediates SDF-1 alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation and cytotoxic effects in primary astrocytes. J Clin Invest 108 425 35... 

BHAKDi s (1998) Atherogenic properties of enzymatically degraded LDL selective induction of MCP-1 and cytotoxic effects on human macrophages Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 18, 1376-85. 

These complexes show considerable in vitro cytotoxic effects against various tumor cell lines [70, 71[. Moreover, the cationic complexes [Au(N,N, N")Cl[Cl are able to intercalate into ct DNA [71[. Gold(III) amidate complexes of histidine containing... 

The water-soluble compound 36b, very stable within a physiological buffer at 37 ° C, exhibits cytotoxic effects on ovarian A2780 human cancer cells and promotes apoptosis to a greater extent than platinum drugs [103]. 

A considerable amount of the gold that accumulates in the kidneys and liver of mammalian species is bound to MTs. This buildup of gold in the kidneys is accompanied by elevated levels of renal copper to form copper-rich, gold-bearing MTs. In cell lines that overproduce MT, there is commonly a resistance to the cytotoxic effects of gold compounds. This resistance is also seen often in parent lines that have been repeatedly exposed to gold complexes. The mechanisms of resistance include but are not limited to enhanced biosynthesis of MT [102]. 

Arizti, M.P., Garcia-Orad, A., Sommer, F Silvestro, L, Massiot, P., Chevallier, P., Gutierrez-Zorilla, J.M., Colacio, E., Martinez de Pancorbo, M. andTapiero, H. (1991) Intracellular accumulation and cytotoxic effect of (8-thiotheophyllinate) (triphenylphosphine) gold(l) in Friend leukemia cells. Anticancer Research, 11, 625-628. 

Budzisz E et al. (2003) Cytotoxic effects, alkylating properties and molecular modelling of coumarin derivatives and their phosphonic analogues. Eur J Med Chem 38(6) 597-603... 

Aluminium toxicity is a major stress factor in many acidic soils. At soil pH levels below 5.0, intense solubilization of mononuclear A1 species strongly limits root growth by multiple cytotoxic effects mainly on root meristems (240,241). There is increasing evidence that A1 complexation with carboxylates released in apical root zones in response to elevated external Al concentration is a widespread mechanism for Al exclusion in many plant species (Fig. 10). Formation of stable Al complexes occurs with citrate, oxalate, tartarate, and—to a lesser extent— also with malate (86,242,243). The Al carboxylate complexes are less toxic than free ionic Al species (244) and are not taken up by plant roots (240). This explains the well-documented alleviatory effects on root growth in many plant species by carboxylate applications (citric, oxalic, and tartaric acids) to the culture media in presence of toxic Al concentrations (8,244,245) Citrate, malate and oxalate are the carboxylate anions reported so far to be released from Al-stressed plant roots (Fig. 10), and Al resistance of species and cultivars seems to be related to the amount of exuded carboxylates (246,247) but also to the ability to maintain the release of carboxylates over extended periods (248). In contrast to P deficiency-induced carboxylate exudation, which usually increases after several days or weeks of the stress treatment (72,113), exudation of carboxylates in response to Al toxicity is a fast reaction occurring within minutes to several hours... 

Khan AA, Yong S, Prior MG, et al. 1991. Cytotoxic effects of hydrogen sulfide on pulmonary alveolar macrophages in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 33 57-64. 

Dhir H, Sharma A, Talukler G. 1985. Alteration of cytotoxic effects of lead through interaction with other heavy metals. Nucleus 28 68-89. 

Lin CC, Ng LT, Hsu FF, Shieh DE, Chiang LC. Cytotoxic effects of Coptis chinensis and Epimedium sagittatum extracts and their major constituents (berberine, coptisine and icariin) on hepatoma and leukaemia cell growth. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004 31 65-69. 

Pro-Oxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Carotenoids and Their Degradation Products... 

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