Head and neck cancers

A comparison of protein profiles from cell lines, derived from a primary tumor and a metastatic lymph node, revealed four differentially expressed proteins in the latter two membrane-associated proteins (downregulated), annexin I and aimexin II, glycolytic protein enolase-a (upregulated), and a calumenin precursor (down-regulatedX The identification of the upregulated proteins was validated using digestion with endoproteinase lysine-C [101]. 

Aiming to use serum to screen for differentially expressed proteins, head and neck squamous cell cancer samples (n = 99), healthy smokers (n = 25), and healthy controls n = 102) were analyzed. An expected known biomarker, metal-lopanstimulin-1 (10,068 Da) was identified by SELDI immunoassay (rabbit polyclonal antibodies). A classification tree algorithm was used for the evaluation of numerous other protein peaks. The training set consisted of 75 samples from each group, and the rest of the samples constituted the test set. Discrimination of squamous cell cancer from controls and healthy smokers was accomplished with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 90% [102]. 

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A clinical trial to evaluate misoprostol as a protector of normal tissue during a course of XRT in cancer patients suggests a reduction in acute normal tissue injury (215). A randomized, prospective, double-blind study indicates that topical misoprostol, administered as an oral rinse 15-20 min before irradiation using conventional 2-Gy (200 rad) fractions, five days a week over 6—7 weeks, significantly protects the oral mucosa from radiomucositis, a frequently observed normal tissue complication during XRT for head and neck cancer (215). 

The retinoid isotretinoin (68) has been found to reduce the incidence of secondary malignancies in patients treated for head and neck cancer. In addition, the use of trans-m m.oic acid in patients having M3 leukemia has been reported to induce complete, although temporary, remissions (32). 

Cetuximab Anti-EGFR Colorectal cancer, Head and Neck cancers... 

Currently, 13-cis-retinoic acid is the most studied chemopreventive agent that decreases the incidence of second primary tumors in patients with head-and-neck cancer, reverses premalignant lesions, and reduces appearance of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. Unfortunately, this vitamin A derivative has a significant clinical toxicity, which limits its utility in a practice setting. 

Cetuximab specifically binds the extracellular domain of EGFR. It has been approved in colorectal and head and neck cancer. However, unlike for trastuzu-mab, no clear correlation has been demonstrated between EGFR expression in cancer cell and efficacy of cetuximab. 

BCL-1 or PRAD1 Codes for cyclin D1, a cell cycle clock stimulator Breast, head and neck cancers... 

Docetaxel, another taxane, binds to tubulin to promote microtubule assembly. The pharmacokinetics of docetaxel are best described by a three-compartment model, with an a half-life of 0.08 hours, a 3 half-life of 1.6 to 1.8 hours, and a terminal half-life of 65 to 73 hours.14 Docetaxel has activity in the treatment of breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, bladder, esophageal, stomach, ovary, and head and neck cancers. Dexamethasone, 8 mg twice daily for 3 days starting the day before treatment, is used to prevent the fluid retention syndrome associated with docetaxel and possible hypersensitivity reactions. The fluid... 

The pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab demonstrate a terminal half-life of 21 days, with a volume of distribution consistent with limited extravascular distribution.34 Bevacizumab has shown clinical activity in the treatment of colorectal, kidney, lung, breast, and head and neck cancer. Patients may develop hypertension requiring chronic medication during therapy. Impaired wound healing, thrombolembolic events, proteinuria, bleeding, and perforation are serious side effects. 

CNS leukemia (IT) Breast cancer NHL Osteosarcoma Head and neck cancer Bladder cancer Rheumatoid arthritis... 

Wang J, Zhang X, Thomas SM, et al. Chemokine receptor 7 activates phosphoinositide-3-kinase-mediated invasive and prosurvival pathways in head and neck cancer cells independent of EGER. Oncogene 2005 24 5897-5904. 

Gottschlich S et al 1. Differentially expressed genes in head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 1998 108 639-644. 

Hydroxy urea (HU), a hydroxylated derivative of urea, has long been used in the treatment of various forms of neoplastic disorders such as polycythemia vera, head and neck cancer, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and more recently in sickle cell disease, / thalassemia and HIV infection [1],... 

Olshan AF, Weissler MC, Watson MA, Bell DA. Risk of head and neck cancer and the alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype. Carcinogenesis 2001 22 57-61. 

Patel V, Hood BL, Mohnolo AA, et al. Proteomic analysis of laser-captured paraffin-embedded tissues a molecular portrait of head and neck cancer progression. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008 14 1002-1014. 

Heron, D. E., Andrade, R. S., Flickinger, J. et al. Hybrid PET-CT simulation for radiation treatment planning in head-and-neck cancers a brief technical report. Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., 60 1419-1424,2004. 

Head and neck cancer resection Cardiothoracic surgery 5. aureus, streptococci oral anaerobes Clindamycin 600 mg at induction and every 8 hours x 2 more doses Add gentamicin for clean-contaminated procedures IA... 

For most head and neck cancer resections, 24 hours of clindamycin is appropriate. 

The antitumor activity of titanocene dichloride 21 was first recognized in 1979 (150), and since then the activity of several other metallocenes (V, Nb, Mo, Fe, Ge, and Sn) has been reported (151). Most interest has centered on titanocene dichloride and on vanadocene dichloride 22, which are active against a diverse range of human carcinomas, including gastrointestinal and breast carcinomas, but not against head and neck cancers. There appears to be a lack of crossresistance between titanocene dichloride and cisplatin. 

Bleomycin (BLM) was first isolated as a copper complex from a culture of Streptomyces verticillus. Since then numerous analogs have been prepared by modifying the conditions of fermentation. Bleomycins (114, bleomycin A2) are used clinically in combination cancer chemotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer, certain lymphomas, and testicular cancer (555). 

Blais et al. prepared tri- and tetra-meta-glucosylated chlorin derivatives.77 The aim was to assess how the sugar units linked to chlorin derivatives affect the photoactivity, cell internalization and subcellular localization in HT29 human adenocarcinoma cells. This was compared with the action due to meso-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin, a compound being formulated as photosensitiser (Foscan ) for palliative treatment of head and neck cancers. 

In October 2003, the SFDA approved the world s first gene therapy— Gendicine (a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 mediated delivery of p53 gene)— for the treatment of head and neck cancer. In 2005, another head and neck cancer drug, Oncorine (a recombinant oncolytic adenovirus type 5), was approved. In the same year, another recombinant human endostatin, Endostar, was approved for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer. 

Gallo, O., Masini, E., Morbidelh, L., Eranchi, A., Eini-Storchi, 1., Vergaii, W. A., and Ziche, M., 1998, Role of nitric oxide in angiogenesis and tumor progression in head and neck cancer, J. Natl. Cancerinst. 90 587-596. 

Harrington KJ, et al. Targeted radiosensitisation by pegylated liposome-encapsulated 3, 5 -0-dipalmitoyl 5-iodo-2 -deoxyuridine in a head and neck cancer xenograft model. Br J Cancer 2004 91 366. 

Cancer Head and neck cancer Lung cancer Pancreatic cancer... 

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