Lung cancer adenocarcinoma

The histological types of lung cancer seen to excess in uranium miners reflect those in the population at large (Masse, 1984). These occur almost entirely in bronchial airways. Approximately 207 are adenocarcinomas which occur in peripheral bronchioles (Spencer, 1977) where there are no basal cells. Squamous cell cancers predominate in miners exposed early in life to relatively low concentrations of radon daughters (Saccomanno et aJL., 1982). These are considered likely to arise from the secretory small mucous granular cells which undergo cell division and extend to the epithelial surface (Masse, personal communication). Division of these cells is accelerated after irritation by toxicants such as cigarette smoke or infectious diseases (Trump et a L., 1978). 

The major cell types are SCLC (-15% of all lung cancers), adenocarcinoma (-50%), squamous cell carcinoma (less than 30%), and large cell carcinoma. The last three types are grouped together and referred to as NSCLC. 

It has been postulated that wood dust carcinoma results from a multistep process Exposure causes loss of cilia and hyperplasia of the goblet cells and initiation of cuboidal cell metaplasia, followed (after a quiescent period) by squamous cell metaplasia. Decades later, cellular aplasia leads to nasal adenocarcinoma. The time between first occupational exposure to wood dust and the development of nasal cavity adenocarcinoma averages 40 years. Other cancers, including lung cancer, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma, stomach cancer, and colorectal cancer and lymphosarcoma, have been mentioned in relation to wood... 

Combined (small-cell lung cancer with squamous or adenocarcinoma features) (10). 

Hosomi Y, Yokose T, Hirose Y, et al. Increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression occurs frequently in precursor lesions of human adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2000 30 73-81. 

Achiwa H, Yatabe Y, Hida T, et al. Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in primary, resected lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 1999 5 1001-1005. 

Hida T, Yatabe Y, Achiwa H, et al. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 occurs frequently in human lung cancers, specifically in adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 1998 58 3761-3764. 

Acute (6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 1 month) inhalation exposure to 6.3 mg nickePm as nickel oxide resulted in no significant increase in lung cancer in rats 20 months after exposure (Horie et al. 1985). Chronic (6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks) exposure to nickel subsullide, however, resulted in an increase in lung tumors in rats exposed to 0.7 mg nickel/m (Ottolenghi et al. 1974). The tumors included adenomas, adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and fibrosarcoma. No increase in lung... 

Doxorubicin is one of the most effective agents used in the treatment of carcinomas of the breast, ovary, endometrium, bladder, and thyroid and in oat cell cancer of the lung. It is included in several combination regimens for diffuse lymphomas and Hodgkin s disease. Doxorubicin can be used as an alternative to daunorubicin in acute leukemias and is useful in Ewing s sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma. Some activity has been reported in non-oat cell lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and adenocarcinomas of the stomach, prostate, and testis. 

Hexamethylmelamine is useful for the treatment of ovarian adenocarcinoma and is frequently combined with cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and doxorubicin in the treatment of this tumor. It also has some activity against small cell lung cancer. 

Breast, ovarian, cervical, bladder and prostate cancer gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas Metastatic pancreatic cancer small cell lung cancer Leukemia Breast cancer... 

Politi K, Zakowski MF, Fan PD et al. Lung adenocarcinomas induced in mice by mutant EGF receptors found in human lung cancers respond to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or to down-regulation of the receptors. Genes Dev 2006,20 1496-1510. 

Nakagawa T, Tanaka F, Otake Y et al. Prognostic value of thymidylate synthase expression in patients with p-stage 1 adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2002 35 165-170. 

There does not appear to be one specific cell type of lung cancer in the exposed-workers (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2007). Several tumor types (such as epidermoid carcinomas, small carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas) have all been found to increase following exposure to arsenic by inhalation. 

Lung cancers are traditionally classified into various subtypes on a histological basis. Squamous lung cancer, the most common histological sub-type, is followed by adenocarcinoma, and other histologies. These various subtypes were classified on the basis of 2D-PAGE [45] and MS profiles [46]. 

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