Lesions, premalignant

Currently, 13-cis-retinoic acid is the most studied chemopreventive agent that decreases the incidence of second primary tumors in patients with head-and-neck cancer, reverses premalignant lesions, and reduces appearance of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. Unfortunately, this vitamin A derivative has a significant clinical toxicity, which limits its utility in a practice setting. 

Singh, V.S. and Gaby, S.K. (1991). Premalignant lesions role of antioxidant vitamins and /3-carotene in risk reduction and prevention of malignant transformation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 386S-390S. 

In situ hybridization techniques are used to subtype the papilloma virus that may be found in premalignant lesions in uterine cervix. Most of the techniques use nonradioactively labeled avidin-biotin probes. A number of specific biotin-labeled probe cocktails are available for HPV subtype identification (e.g., HPV 6-l l, 16-18, 31-33-35). Some of these techniques use chemiluminescent components to enhance the sensitivity of HPV subtype detection (H5). 

Sebbelov, A. M., Svendsen, C Jensen, H., Kjaer, S. K., andNorrild, B. (1994) Prevalence of HPV in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions in Greenland and Denmark PCR and in situ hybridization analysis on archival material. Res. Virol. 145, 83-92. 

Workers involved in the manufacture of paraquat were found to have a high prevalence of hyperpigmented macules and hyperkeratosis, both of which may be premalignant skin lesions. Analysis of the data suggested that exposure to bipyridine precursors along with sunlight, rather than paraquat itself, was responsible. " ... 

Arsenic exposure contributes to cancer risk and has been associated with decreased ERCCl expression in isolated lymphocytes at the mRNA and protein levels (51). Along the same lines, increased expression of defense genes, like ERCCl, has been observed in premalignant lesions, such as colorectal adenomas (52). In early-stage NSCLC, high ERCC 1 expression has been observed in almost half of the patients, indicating both a lower risk of relapse and a lower probability of benefit from adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. 

Ahsan H et al Arsenic metabolism, genetic susceptibility, and risk of premalignant skin lesions in Bangladesh. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007 16 1270. [PMID 17548696]... 

Fuqua SA, Wiltschke C, Zhang QX, Borg A, Castles CG, Friedrichs WE, Hopp T, Hilsenbeck S, Mohsin S, O Connell P, Allred DC. A hypersensitive estrogen receptor-alpha mutation in premalignant breast lesions. Cancer Res 2000 60(15) 4026-4029. 

Ip, C., Ip, M.M., Loftus, T., Shoemaker, S., and Shea-Eaton, W., Induction of apoptosis by conjugated linoleic acid in cultured mammary tumor cells and premalignant lesions of the rat mammary gland, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 9, 689, 2000. 

Premalignant lesions and tumors grow when the rate of cell proliferation exceeds cell death, and investigations to date suggest that the... 

Banni, S., Angioni, E., Murru, E., Carta, G., Melis, M.P., Bauman, D., Dong, Y., Ip, C. 2001. Vaccenic acid feeding increases tissue levels of conjugated linoleic acid and suppresses development of premalignant lesions in rat mammary gland. Nutr. Cancer. 41, 91-97. 

In renal transplant recipients, premalignant dysplastic keratotic lesions increased in frequency by 6.8% per year after the first 3.5 years after transplantation, and were ultimately observed in all 167 patients within 16 years of transplantation (66). No relation with sun exposure or skin type was found. The great majority of these patients were taking prednisolone and azathioprine, but azathioprine was considered as the main causative factor, possibly due to a carcinogenic effect rather than to immunosuppression itself. 

Lever LR, Farr PM. Skin cancers or premalignant lesions occur in half of high-dose PUVA patients. Br J Dermatol 1994 131(2) 215-19. 

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