Streptomyces verticillus

The phleomycin, bleomycin and related families are widespectrum antibiotics containing the pyrimidine (987) in addition, they have antineoplastic activity and bleomycin is already in clinical use for certain tumours. They were isolated about 1956 from Streptomyces verticillus, and in addition to the pyrimidine portion the molecules contain an amide part (R ) and a complicated part (R ) consisting of polypeptide, an imidazole, two sugars, a bithiazole and a polybasic side chain which can vary widely phleomycin and bleomycin differ by only one double bond in the bithiazole section (78MI21303). The activity of such antibiotics is increased by the addition of simple heterocycles (including inter alia pyrimidines and fused pyrimidines) and other amplifiers (82MI21300). 

From culture of Streptomyces verticillus by ion-exchange adsorption and column chromatographic purification (on alumina) via the copper complex. 

Bleomycin (BLM) was first isolated as a copper complex from a culture of Streptomyces verticillus. Since then numerous analogs have been prepared by modifying the conditions of fermentation. Bleomycins (114, bleomycin A2) are used clinically in combination cancer chemotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer, certain lymphomas, and testicular cancer (555). 

Other examples of natural drugs may be pointed out streptozotocin (from streptomyces achromogenes), bleomycin (from streptomyces verticillus), adriamy-cin and daunomycin (from streptomyces pencetius), mitomycin C (from streptomyces caesipitosus), vincristine, vinblastine and vindoline (from catharanthus roseus or vinca rosea L.). 

Bleomycin is a naturally occurring fermentation product of Streptomyces verticillus. It is a basic glycoprotein, complexed with Cu++. It intercalates between DNA base pairs, and it also chelates iron, generating oxygen radicals which further damage the DNA. It is the only cell-cycle specific agent among the antibiotics as it causes accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. 

Bleomycin is a mixture of glycopeptide antibiotics isolated from cultures of Streptomyces verticillus, used for its anticancer activity. The major component (55-70%) of the mixture... 

Galm U, Wang L, Wendt-Pienkowski E et al (2008) In vitro manipulation of the bleomycin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 revealing new insights into its biosynthetic pathway. J Biol Chem 283 28236-28245... 

Chemical Name Antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces verticillus, or the same substance produced by any other means... 

Bluensomycin was obtained from cultures of Streptomyces verticillus, or the same substance produced by any other means. For example antibiotic was prepared by growing of Streptomyces bluensis NRRL 2876 biological way and isolation from cultural solution by adsorption with a cation-exchange resin or a capillary adsorption method by elution with water-acid solution at pH from 1 to 6 or acidic water solution of acetone. 

Streptomyces nodosus Streptomyces verticillus Cephalosporium sp. Saccharopolyspora erythraea Micromonospora purpurea Aspergillus terreus Streptomyces fradiae Pencillium chrysogenum Streptomyces ambofaciens Streptomyces aureofaciens Streptomyces orientalis... 

PROP A group of related glycopeptide antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. SYNS BLENOXANE BLEO BLEOCIN BLM... 

Liou GF, Yoshizawa S, Courvalin P, GaUmand M. Aminoglycoside resistance by ArmA-mediated ribosomal 16S methylation in human bacterial pathogens. J. Mol. Biol. 2006 359(2) 358-364. Kawano Y, Kumagai T, Muta K, Matoba Y, Davies J, Sugiyama M. The 1.5 A crystal structure of a bleomycin resistance determinant from bleomycin-producing Streptomyces verticillus. J. Mol. Biol. 2000 295(4) 915-925. 

Maruyama M, Kumagai T, Matoba Y, Hayashida M, Fujii T, Hata Y, Sugiyama M. Crystal structures of the transposon Tn5-carried bleomycin resistance determinant uncomplexed and complexed with bleomycin. J. Biol. Chem. 2001 276(13) 9992—9999. Sugiyama M, Kumagai T, Hayashida M, Maruyama M, Matoba Y. The 1.6-A crystal structure of the copper(II)-bound bleomycin complexed with the bleomycin-binding protein from bleomycin-producing Streptomyces verticillus. J. Biol. Chem. 2002 277(3) 2311-2320. 

The bleomycins (BLMs), such as BLM A2, B2, and AS, are a family of antitumor glycopeptide-derived antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus <2003B9731, 2002JBC2311>. 

The bleomycins are a group of glycopeptides isolated from Streptomyces verticillus as copper complexes. They have attracted much attention because, in addition to having antimicrobial and antiviral properties, they are also important in the treatment of a number of tumours, including Hodgkin s disease. Some 200 bleomycins have now been identified, although the main component of the clinical drug is bleomycin Bleomycin requires a metal ion. The Fe complex is... 

Bleomycin (BLM) is a group of glycopeptide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces verticillus. 

Bleomycin was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces verticillus by ion exchange resin adsorption, alumina and Sephadex column chromatography. Bleomycin thus obtained was a mixture of more than 10 components, which can be separated on a CM-Sephadex column by elution with a linear gradient of ammonium formate5) (see Fig. 1). Later, it was found that they are different from one another in... 

Bleomycin, which is isolated frOm the fermentation broth of Streptomyces verticillus, is the blue equimolar Cu (Il)-complex. The copper originates from an inorganic cupric salt added to the fermentation medium. Without addition of the copper, production of BLM is markedly reduced. The copper seems to be essential for the biosynthesis of BLM (II-7). 

Siastatm B, 27 -acetamido-3/ ,45-dihydroxypiperidine-5S-carboxylic acid, produced by Streptomyces verticillus var. quintum MB695-A4, is an inhibitor of neuraminidase [149], Pyrostatin A (47) and B are specific inhibitors of P-iV-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from filtrates of Streptomyces sp. SA-3501 [150],... 

Siastatin A and B were isolated by Umezawa et al in 1974 from a Streptomyces cnl-ture Streptomyces verticillus var. qnintnm MB695-A4). Siastatin B was found to inhibit neuraminidases. It is involved in various biological functions such as immune response,... 

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