Hazard review checklists

RMP Hazard Review Checklists, What-lf Questions, and HAZOP Procedures... 

Sidebar 5.1. Hazard Review Checklists Checklist for Any WWTP... 

Several qualitative approaches can be used to identify hazardous reaction scenarios, including process hazard analysis, checklists, chemical interaction matrices, and an experience-based review. CCPS (1995a p. 176) describes nine hazard evaluation procedures that can be used to identify hazardous reaction scenarios-checklists, Dow fire and explosion indices, preliminary hazard analysis, what-if analysis, failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), HAZOP study, fault tree analysis, human error analysis, and quantitative risk analysis. 

Methods for performing hazard analysis and risk assessment include safety review, checklists, Dow Fire and Explosion Index, what-if analysis, hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis, and event tree analysis. Other methods are also available, but those given are used most often. 

What If/Checklist. The most frequently used method of process hazard review, the what if/checklist, is effective in reviews of relatively uncomplicated processes from raw materials to final product. The team formulates and answers What if questions at each handling or processing step to evaluate the effects of component failures or procedural errors. They use a checklist to ensure that all important subjects are addressed. This method should be used as the first step in all process hazard reviews. 

Burk, A. F., "What-If/Checklist - A Powerful Process Hazards Review Technique", AIChE Summer National Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA., August 18-21, 1991. 

An important controlling feature of the hazard review procedure is the Hazard Assessment Form (Figure 5). This Form is simply a checklist by which individual responsibilities and suggested completion dates are assigned for the following items ... 

The team must use appropriate hazard analysis methodology and consult with those involved with the process operation and maintenance. Specified methods include what-if , checklist, what-ifVchecklist combination, failure modes and effect analysis, hazard and operability study, fault tree analysis, or an equivalent method. The team must identify process hazards review... 

Since the original guide word HAZOP technique was developed, some companies have developed the knowledge-based HAZOP technique. It relies on the knowledge of team members to identify hazards with the design or operation of the facility, and as such can be considered as more of a safety review/checklist technique. We shall focus on the guide word technique in the remainder of this section. 

Developing a DSA requires that an inventory of potential hazards within the facility be developed. One method of identifying potential hazards is to use a checklist. Normally, a team comprised of engineering, operations, and safety would do a wall down of the facility. Many sites have an inventory system that identifies chemicals and their quantities. This inventory system should be queried to determine what chemicals are in the facility. Radioactive material inventory and sealed source inventory systems should also be used to determine their inventories. A typical hazard identification checklist is provided in Table 20.3. Dispositions are either identified as a Standard Industrial Hazard, screened out due to limited quantities of hazardous material, or are carried forth as an initiator of an event or the hazard from an event. The criteria identified in Table 20.4 are used to determine which hazards require further review. 

Stages Safety Review Checklist Relative Ranking Preliminary Hazard Analysis What-if Checklist HAZOP FMEA Cause- Consequence Analysis Human Reliability Analysis Fault Tree Event Tree... 

For locations qualifying for program levels 1 and 2, those with lesser exposure, ERA will accept hazard reviews done by qualifled personnel using suitable checklists. Hazard reviews must be documented and show that problems have been addressed. In its literature, ERA comments on the desirability of using the What-If hazard identification and analysis process. ERA also proposes the use of more involved analytical techniques if findings suggest that may be desirable. 

Process Hazard Reviews—The facility and subsequent changes are subjected to a process hazard analysis commensurate to the level of hazards the facility represents (i.e.. Checklist, What-If, PHA, HAZOP, Event Tree, FMEA, LOPA, etc.). The results of these analyses are fully understood and acknowledged by management. Where high risk events are identified as probable, quantifiable risk estimation and effects of mitigation measures should be undertaken and applied if productive. 

A checklist can be used to gather answers to questions that the JHA developer may want to further review (Gawande, 2009 Hazard Assessment Checklist, n.d.). 

As the project progresses, more information is available therefore, the review technique used can be different at each stage of the project. The use of various hazard evaluation techniques, such as checklist analyses, relative rankings, what-if analyses, ana hazard and operabil-... 

Included in OSH As JHA Booklet, 3071, is a good description of a process hazard analysis (PHA) [1]. This is being used in the Process Safety Management (PSM) program (29 CER 1910.119) to understand how hazards exist. There are some good methods listed in the manual that can be used to conduct a JHA. As you review each method you can determine which one may be useful for your operation. The typical method chosen is the checklist. 

The review looks for major risk situations. General housekeeping and personnel attitude arc not the objectives, although tliey can be significant indicators of where to look for real problems or places where meaningful improvements are needed. Various hazard evaluation teclmiques, such as checklists (see previous Section), what-if questions (see Section 15.5), and raw materitil evaluations, can be also used during tlie review. 

The commonly used management systems directed toward eliminating the existence of hazards include safety reviews, safety audits, hazard identification techniques, checklists, and proper application of technical knowledge. 

A process hazards checklist is simply a list of possible problems and areas to be checked. The list reminds the reviewer or operator of the potential problem areas. A checklist can be used during the design of a process to identify design hazards, or it can be used before process operation. 

Develop recommendations to improve the management system to prevent the existence of safety hazards, including training, checklists, inspections, safety reviews, and audits,... 

Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation techniques may be used to consider the risk associated with a facility. The level and magnitude of these reviews should be commensurate with the risk that the facility represents. High value, critical facilities or employee vulnerability may warrant high review levels. While unmanned "off-the-shelf, low hazard facilities may suffice with only a checklist review. Specialized studies are performed when in-depth analysis is needed to determine the cost benefit of a safety feature or to fully demonstrate the intended safety feature has the capability to fully meet prescribed safety requirements. 

Generally offshore facilities and major process plants onshore represent considerable capital investment and have a high number of severe hazards associated with them (blowouts, ship collisions, line and vessel ruptures, etc.). They normally cannot be easily evaluated with a simple safety checklist approach. Some level of "quantifiable evaluation" reviews are usually prepared to demonstrate that the risk of these facilities is within public, national, industry and corporate expectations. 

This second edition features in-depth coverage of actual response techniques and new approaches for coping with critical situations caused by criminal activity, industrial accidents, or even mini-epidemics. Augmenting its coverage of field first aid for response personnel, this edition contains up-to-date tools such as checklists and streamlined procedures for on-scene coordination. It incorporates the latest detection devices, cost/recovery and hazard analyses, diagnostic methods, pretreatments, vaccines, decontamination techniques, antidotes, and medical treatments available. This edition also adds a focused review of the progress and projected developments for military protocols and procedures. 

Many methods have been developed that are suitable for assessing risks associated with the operation of facilities involving chemical reactivity hazards. The more commonly used methods are summarized in Table 4.9. They differ in their applicability, level of effort, and how systematic they are in identifying accident scenarios. All of the methods except layer of protection analysis (LOPA) may be applied qualitatively, and all except checklist reviews may be performed in at least a semiquantitative manner. CCPS (1992a) is a basic source of information on each of these methods. 

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