Individual responsibilities

Clinical trials for r-IEN-y in RA indicated that the dmg is well tolerated (52). Consistent improvement in tender and swollen joint scores was observed, but a large number of patients were needed in the trial to show statistical significance for r-IEN-y treatment. In certain individuals, responses were remarkable. An additive effect between r-IEN-y and penicillamine was detected. Efficacy was lower when r-IEN-y was combined with gold therapy. Research is continuing. 

While these responsibilities seem straightforward, there are numerous responsibilities that are intertwined and discrete. Both parties need to understand their individual responsibilities especially regarding process hazards, environmental concerns, communication, and technology/knowledge transfer. 

Determine if HAZWOPER needs to be applied or if applying its eon-eepts or prineiples would suflfiee. This determination should be made by a eompetent individual responsible for hazardous waste aetivities. 

Any designated, trained (8-hour HAZWOPER supervisor course as a minimum), and experienced individual responsible for the safety of an employee (such as team leaders or crew leaders) may perform the function of an experienced person to provide the supervised field experience required by HAZWOPER [1]. Although having the appropriate certificates of completion would satisfy regulatory requirements, you should also consider time of service and experience. A fresh college graduate with training certificates and minimal field experience may be less desirable to perform supervised field experience than the safety professional with years of substantial field experience. 

For example, one section of the contractor s SSAHP for Site F required personnel to evacuate the site during an emergency, while other sections of the plan indicated that personnel may respond to spills, leaks, or fires. Neither contractors SSAHPs at Sites C or G identified the individuals responsible for coordinating emergency response activities. 

Does the SAHP designate an individual responsible for authorizing eutting and welding operations in areas not speeifieally designed for sueh proeesses [OSHA Referenee. 252(aX2Xxiii)(B)]... 

Does the individual responsible for authorizing hot work operations inspeet the area before eutting or welding is performed [OSHA Referenee, 252(a)(2)(iv)]... 

Defining individual responsibilities and authority alone will not define how personnel relate to one another. Interrelation means to place in mutual relationship, so what is needed is a definition of the relationships between all staff with quality responsibilities. The primary reason for defining interrelationships is to establish channels of communication so that work proceeds smoothly without unplanned interruption. Staff need to know from whom they will receive their instructions, to whom they are accountable, to whom they should go to seek information to resolve difficulties, and to whom information or product should be submitted when complete. 

Make one particular individual responsible for updating all the manuals. 

Was the information provided to all hands, or to a single individual responsible for distributing and interpreting it to his or her staff ... 

One of the origins of this view of error and accident causation is the theory of accident proneness, which tried to show that a small number of individuals were responsible for the majority of accidents. Despite a number of studies that have shown that there is little statistical evidence for this idea (see, e.g., Shaw and Sichel, 1971) the belief remains, particularly in traditional industries, that a relatively small number of individuals accoimt for the majority of accidents. Another element in the emphasis on individual responsibility has been the legal dimension in many major accident investigations, which has often been concerned with attributing blame to individuals from the point of view of determining compensation, rather than in identifying the possible system causes of error. 

Traditional Safety Engineering A safety management policy that emphasizes individual responsibility for system safety and the control of error by the use of motivational campaigns and punishment. 

I As you develop your network of tasks, you will quickly realize that not only are tasks within one priority area interrelated, but there are also relationships with other priority areas. These relationships will determine the order in which some tasks are completed and the resources you need to apply to complete them by a given date. For example, the team will need to develop programs and elements before they develop the contents of a training program, yet the training program itself may be a vital part of the process for developing individual responsibilities for that content. 

The individual responsible for completing the data input forms needs formalized training in data collection procedures, with written instructions on form completion, on data handling, and on documentation procedures. Other material needed to encode raw data properly must be available. In addition, these individuals need access to a consultant within the organization to help resolve questions that may arise. 

Spectral Gamma Ray Log. This log makes use of a very efficient tool that records the individual response to the different radioactive minerals. These minerals include potassium-40 and the elements in the uranium family as well as those in the thorium family. The GR spectrum emitted by each element is made up of easily identifiable lines. As the result of the Compton effect, the counter records a continuous spectrum. The presence of potassium, uranium and thorium can be quantitatively evaluated only with the help of a computer that calculates in real time the amounts present. The counter consists of a crystal optically coupled to a photomultiplier. The radiation level is measured in several energy windows. 

The most important aspect of planning the work is that the plan should be constantly monitored for progress and the individuals responsible for particular areas of work should be kept well informed regarding delays or advances in the program. 

The other reason for not using percent completion is that it involves no commitment on the part of individuals responsible for the event to finish at any particular time. To report that you are X per cent complete on an event is a subjective evaluation of history, not a statement of future plans and intentions. Thus, we often experience the phenomenon of completion percentages that increase by ever-smaller amounts and never quite reach 100 per cent. 

Many thousands of smaller or older machines are lubricated by hand, and even the largest need regular refills or topping up to lubricant reservoirs. In some shops, the operator may be fully responsible for the lubrication of his own machine, but it is nearly always safer and more economical to make one individual responsible for all lubrication. 

S(A RFn) is the sum of the areas times the individual response factors for all the peaks in the chromatogram. The amount injected should be the same for both the standard and the unknown. 

The refractive index detector, in general, is a choice of last resort and is used for those applications where, for one reason or another, all other detectors are inappropriate or impractical. However, the detector has one particular area of application for which it is unique and that is in the separation and analysis of polymers. In general, for those polymers that contain more than six monomer units, the refractive index is directly proportional to the concentration of the polymer and is practically independent of the molecular weight. Thus, a quantitative analysis of a polymer mixture can be obtained by the simple normalization of the peak areas in the chromatogram, there being no need for the use of individual response factors. Some typical specifications for the refractive index detector are as follows ... 

Different characteristics of the chemical structure of different elastomers cause variations in their individual responses to these external influences. The design engineer deals with behavior occurring as a result of this general structural nature. 

Structure and responsibility. These are concerned with ensuring that there is a senior manager with overall responsibility for the programme and that the responsibilities of other staff are clearly identified and communicated. These individual responsibilities should fit with the overall policy and objectives. 

To encourage individual responsibility over decisions involving risk taking. 

The absorption and transport processes of many of the phytochemicals present in food are complex and not fully understood, and prediction of their bioavailability is problematic. This is particularly true of the lipid-soluble phytochemicals. In this chapter the measurement of carotenoid bioavailability will be discussed. The carotenoids serve as an excellent example of where too little understanding of food structure, the complexity of their behaviour in foods and human tissues, and the nature and cause of widely different individual response to similar intakes, can lead to misinterpretation of study results and confusion in our understanding of the relevance of these (and other) compounds to human health. 

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