High review

To get an impression of which journals are the most read and cited, the Institute of Scientific Information (Philadelphia, PA, USA) provides two interesting indicators [Journal Citation Reports, Science Edition]. The impact factor for a given journal is the number of citations in that year to articles published by the journal in the two previous years. Thus, if each article published in, for example, either 1998 or 1999 is cited exactly once in 2000, the journal will have an impact factor of 1 in that year. Authors use impact factors to decide where to submit their publications. For specialized journals, e.g. those focusing on catalysis, impact factors of 3 and higher are considered high. Review journals usually have higher impact factors, whereas letter journals usually score lower. 

Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation techniques may be used to consider the risk associated with a facility. The level and magnitude of these reviews should be commensurate with the risk that the facility represents. High value, critical facilities or employee vulnerability may warrant high review levels. While unmanned "off-the-shelf, low hazard facilities may suffice with only a checklist review. Specialized studies are performed when in-depth analysis is needed to determine the cost benefit of a safety feature or to fully demonstrate the intended safety feature has the capability to fully meet prescribed safety requirements. 

Allyl chromium, titanium and zirconium reagents fall into the Type 3 category. Enantioselective reactions in this class are relatively rare, although the diastereoselectivities can be quite high (reviews [7,8,15]). 

In order to test the economic performance of the project to variations in the base case estimates for the input data, sensitivity analysis is performed. This shows how robust the project is to variations in one or more parameters, and also highlights which of the inputs the project economics is more sensitive to. These inputs can then be addressed more specifically. For example if the project economics is highly sensitive to a delay in first production, then the scheduling should be more critically reviewed. 

The field emission microscope (FEM), invented in 1936 by Muller [59, 60], has provided major advances in the structural study of surfaces. The subject is highly developed and has been reviewed by several groups [2, 61, 62], and only a selective, introductory presentation is given here. Some aspects related to chemisorption are discussed in Chapter XVII. 

The above methods for obtaining D, as well as other ones, are reviewed in Refs. 3-12, and Refs. 7-9 give tables of D values for various adsorbents. For example, D is close to 3 for the highly porous silica gels and close to 2 for nonporous fumed silica and for graphitized carbon black coconut charcoal and alumina were found to have D values of 2.67 and 2.79, respectively [7]. 

Saykaiiy R J and Woods R C 1981 High resoiution spectroscopy of moiecuiar ions Annual Reviews of Physical Chemistry e6 B S Rabinovitch, J M Schurr and H L Strauss (Paio Aito, CA Annuai Reviews)... 

Quack M and Tree J 1976 Unimolecular reactions and energy transfer of highly excited molecules Gas Kinetics and Energy Transfer mo 2, oh 5, ed P G Ashmore and R J Donovan (London The Chemical Society) pp 175-238 (a review of the literature published up to early 1976)... 

Reviews of batch calorimeters for a variety of applications are published in the volume on Solution Calorimetry [8] cryogenic conditions by Zollweg [22], high temperature molten metals and alloys by Colinet andPasturel [19], enthalpies of reaction of inorganic substances by Cordfunke and Ouweltjes [16], electrolyte... 

This brief essay couid neither deai with aii fieids of high-pressure science nor any one fieid in depth. The iiterature of articies, reviews, books, and conference proceedings for this fieid is extensive and oniy a few are cited in the references. Here, we suggest a few books and conference proceedings for the reader interested in expioring the fieid further. This somewhat arbitrary seiection is the author s it emphasizes recent books and a few ciassic works. 

GAMESS stands for general atomic and molecular electronic structure system (we reviewed a version dated Dec. 2, 1998). It is an ah initio and semiempirical program, and has seen the most widespread use for ah initio calculations. The ASCII input hie format is usable but somewhat more lengthy than some other programs. The fact that GAMESS is a free, high-quality software makes it a favorite of many academic researchers. 

Angyal and Angyal measured the pK of 2-aminothiazoles and 2-imino-4-thiazolines to obtain the protomeric equilibrium constants (Scheme l4) (74). The higher pK values of the imino derivative (9.65) compared with that of 2-aminothiazole (5.68) prove that the amino form is highly predominant, Xp = 2x 10" (72), The limitations of such a method of Kp determination are discussed by Elguero. Marzin and Katntzky in a review of protomeric equilibria in heterocycles (75). 

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