High energy materials

These robots are potentially useful for transportation and surveillance, thanks to the materials high energy density and quiet operation. 

In order to maintain high energy efficiency and ensure a long service life of the materials of construction in the combustion chamber, turbine and jet nozzle, a clean burning flame must be obtained that minimizes the heat exchange by radiation and limits the formation of carbon deposits. These qualities are determined by two procedures that determine respectively the smoke point and the luminometer index. 

Depth sensitivity is an equally important consideration in the analysis of surfaces. Techniques based on the detection of electrons or ions derive their surface sensitivity from the fact that these species cannot travel long distances in soflds without undergoing interactions which cause energy loss. If electrons are used as the basis of an analysis, the depth resolution will be relatively shallow and depend on both the energy of the incident and detected electrons and on characteristics of the material. In contrast, techniques based on high energy photons such as x-rays will sample a much greater depth due... 

Electron Microprobe A.na.Iysis, Electron microprobe analysis (ema) is a technique based on x-ray fluorescence from atoms in the near-surface region of a material stimulated by a focused beam of high energy electrons (7—9,30). Essentially, this method is based on electron-induced x-ray emission as opposed to x-ray-induced x-ray emission, which forms the basis of conventional x-ray fluorescence (xrf) spectroscopy (31). The microprobe form of this x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was first developed by Castaing in 1951 (32), and today is a mature technique. Primary beam electrons with energies of 10—30 keV are used and sample the material to a depth on the order of 1 pm. X-rays from all elements with the exception of H, He, and Li can be detected. 

S. Iyer and co-workers, "New High Energy Density Materials for Propellant AppHcations," in 5th International Gun Propellant and Propulsion Symposium, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., Nov. 1991, pp. 18—21. 

Plants, in contrast to animals, have the ability to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and inorganic components of the earth direcdy into high energy carbohydrates (qv), fats, and proteins (qv). These plant materials are absolutely essential to human nutrition as well as to the nutrition of other animal species. Thus consumption of plant matter, either directly or through a food chain, is essential to animal life and humans are totally dependent on agricultural endeavors, ie, the culture and harvesting of plant matter. 

---