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Phosphate glycerol

Triacylglycerols arise not by acylation of glycerol itself but by a sequence of steps m which the first stage is acyl transfer to l glycerol 3 phosphate (from reduction of dihy droxyacetone 3 phosphate formed as described m Section 25 21) The product of this stage IS called a phosphatidic acid... [Pg.1077]

Phosphatidic acid, the parent compound for the glycerol-based phospholipids (Figure 8.4), consists of 5w-glycerol-3-phosphate, with fatty acids esterified at the T and 2-positions. Phosphatidic acid is found in small amounts in most natural systems and is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of the more common glycerophospholipids (Figure 8.6). In these compounds, a... [Pg.244]

FIGURE 8.5 The absolute configuration of. s glycerol-3-phosphate. The pro- R) and pro-(5) positions of the parent glycerol are also indicated. [Pg.245]

ATP is special or different from other compounds they mean only that ATP has relatively weak bonds that require a smaller amount of heat to break, thus leading to a larger release of heat on reaction. When a typical organic phosphate such as glycerol 3-phosphate reacts with water, for instance, only 9 kj/mol of heat is released (AT/° = -9 kj/mol), but when ATP reacts with water, 30 kj/mol of heat is released (AH3 = -30 kj/mol). The difference between the two reactions is due to the fact that the bond broken in ATP is substantially weaker than the bond broken in glycerol 3-phosphate. [Pg.157]

Figure 17.8 The biologi-cal oxidation of an alcohol (sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) to give a ketone dihydroxy-acetone phosphate). This mechanism is the exact opposite of the ketone reduction shown previously in Figure 17.4. Figure 17.8 The biologi-cal oxidation of an alcohol (sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) to give a ketone dihydroxy-acetone phosphate). This mechanism is the exact opposite of the ketone reduction shown previously in Figure 17.4.
Fats are biosynthesized from glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty-acvl CoA s by a reaction sequence that begins with the following step. Show the mechanism... [Pg.832]

Step 3 of Figure 29.3 Alcohol Oxidation The /3-hydroxyacyl CoA from step 2 is oxidized to a /3-ketoacyl CoA in a reaction catalyzed by one of a family of L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases, which differ in substrate specificity according to the chain length of the acyl group. As in the oxidation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate mentioned at the end of Section 29.2, this alcohol oxidation requires NAD+ as a coenzyme and yields reduced NADH/H+ as by-product. Deprotonation of the hydroxyl group is carried out by a histidine residue at the active site. [Pg.1136]

R)-Glyceraldehyde. Fischer projection of, 976 molecular model of, 976, 977 Glyceric acid, structure of. 753 Glycerol, catabolism of, 1132-1133 s/i-Glycerol 3-phosphate, naming of, 1132... [Pg.1299]

Diels-Alder reaction and. 494-495 El reaction and, 392 E2 reaction and, 387-388 R.S configuration and, 297-300 S 1 reaction and, 374-375 S -2 reactions and, 363-364 Stereogenic center, 292 Stereoisomers, 111 kinds of, 310-311 number of, 302 properties of, 306 Stereospecilic, 228, 494 Stereospecific numbering, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and, 1132 Steric hindrance, Sjvj2 reaction and, 365-366 Steric strain, 96... [Pg.1315]

LPA, i.e. monoacyl-glycerol-3-phosphate, can be formed and degraded by multiple metabolic pathways (Fig. 1). Depending on the precursor molecule and respective pathway, the fatty acid chain in LPA differs in length, degree of saturation and position (sn-1 or sn-2), which has an influence on biological activity. LPA... [Pg.712]

Another pathway is the L-glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (Figure 11). Cytosolic dihydroxyacetone phosphate is reduced by NADFl to s.n-glycerol 3-phosphate, catalyzed by s,n-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and this is then oxidized by s,n-glycerol 3-phosphate ubiquinone oxidoreductase to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which is a flavoprotein on the outer surface of the inner membrane. By this route electrons enter the respiratory chain.from cytosolic NADH at the level of complex III. Less well defined is the possibility that cytosolic NADH is oxidized by cytochrome bs reductase in the outer mitochondrial membrane and that electrons are transferred via cytochrome b5 in the endoplasmic reticulum to the respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c (Fischer et al., 1985). [Pg.133]

An advanced technique for the clean generation of (25) in situ is based on the oxidation of i-glycerol 3-phosphate (35) catalyzed by microbial flavine-dependent glycerol phosphate oxidases (GPO) (Figure 10.19, box) [102]. This method generates... [Pg.289]

Glycerol is released from adipose tissue as a result of lipolysis, and only tissues such as liver and kidney that possess glycerol kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate, can utihze it. Glycerol 3-phosphate may be oxidized to dihydroxyacetone... [Pg.155]

Insulin stimulates lipogenesis by several other mechanisms as well as by increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity. It increases the transport of glucose into the cell (eg, in adipose tissue), increasing the availability of both pyruvate for fatty acid synthesis and glycerol 3-phosphate for esterification of the newly formed fatty acids, and also converts the inactive form of pyruvate dehydrogenase to the active form in adipose tissue but not in liver. Insulin also—by its ability to depress the level of intracellular cAMP—inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue and thereby reduces the concentration of... [Pg.178]

Triacylglycerols and some phosphoglycerols are synthesized by progressive acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate. The pathway bifurcates at phosphatidate, forming inositol phospholipids and cardiolipin on the one hand and triacylglycerol and choline and ethanolamine phospholipids on the other. [Pg.204]

The Provision of Glycerol 3-Phosphate Regulates Esterification Lipolysis Is Controlled by Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (Figure 25-7)... [Pg.214]

Figure 25-7. Metabolism of adipose tissue. Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by ACTH, TSH, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin and inhibited by insulin, prostaglandin E, and nicotinic acid. Details of the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from intermediates of glycolysis are shown in Figure 24-2. (PPP, pentose phosphate pathway TG, triacylglycerol FFA, free fatty acids VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.)... Figure 25-7. Metabolism of adipose tissue. Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by ACTH, TSH, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin and inhibited by insulin, prostaglandin E, and nicotinic acid. Details of the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from intermediates of glycolysis are shown in Figure 24-2. (PPP, pentose phosphate pathway TG, triacylglycerol FFA, free fatty acids VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.)...

See other pages where Phosphate glycerol is mentioned: [Pg.1077]    [Pg.39]    [Pg.539]    [Pg.1077]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.244]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.636]    [Pg.821]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.625]    [Pg.626]    [Pg.832]    [Pg.1132]    [Pg.673]    [Pg.548]    [Pg.133]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.214]   
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A-Glycerol phosphate

A-Glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase

Acyl- glycerol-3-phosphate

Acylation of .sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Aldolase/glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase

Chitosan—glycerol phosphate gels

D-glycerol 3-phosphate

Dehydrogenases glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Diacyl glycerol phosphates

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glycerol from

Electron transport chain glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle

Enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from glycerol

Glycerol 3-phosphate biosynthesis

Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, mechanisms

Glycerol 3-phosphate, adipose

Glycerol 3-phosphate, adipose tissue

Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives

Glycerol phosphate isomer

Glycerol phosphate moiety

Glycerol phosphate oxidases

Glycerol phosphate pathway

Glycerol phosphate pathway origin

Glycerol phosphate shuttle

Glycerol phosphate shuttle system

Glycerol phosphate shuttle, glycolysis

Glycerol phosphate substituents

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase GPAT)

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase assay

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, reaction catalyzed

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GPDH)

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cytoplasmic

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mitochondrial

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, reaction catalyzed

Glycerol-3-phosphate transport

Glycerol-3-phosphate transporter

Glycerol-3-phosphate, acylation

Glycerol-Phosphates titration

Glycerolipids Glycerol - 3 - phosphate

IMIDAZOLE GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE DEHYDRATASE

Imidazole glycerol phosphate

Imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydrase

Indole 3-glycerol phosphate tryptophan intermediate

Indole glycerol-3-phosphate synthetase

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase

Indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase

L-Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

L-Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase

L-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate

L-glycerol 3-phosphate

Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate

Muscles glycerol-phosphate shuttle

Oxidases glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase

Oxidative phosphorylation glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle

P-Glycerol phosphate

Phosphatidyl-glycerol-3-phosphate

Plastid glycerol-3-phosphate

Sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate

Stereospecific numbering, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and

Sugar phosphates glycerol teichoic acid

Triacylglycerol glycerol-3-phosphate

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