P-Glycerol phosphate

FBS, IO M dexamethasone (Sigma Aldrich), 50gg/ml ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), lOmM/ml p-glycerol phosphate (Sigma Aldrich) and the additional combination of vitamin IO M D2 and lOng/ml FGF9. 

Arg-Gly-Asp modified hydrogels without dexamethasone and P-glycerol phosphate. Biomateriah 26 3645-3654. 

Priestle, J.P, et al. Three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional enzyme N-(5 -phosphoribosyl) anthranilate isomerase-indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from Escheriehia eoli. Proc. Natl. Aead. 

Furthermore, if the antibiotic passes membranes through a specific port of entry, its mutational loss leads to resistance. The lack of the outer membrane protein OprD in P. aeruginosa causes resistance to the (3-lactam antibiotic imipenem. Fosfomycin passes the cytoplasmic membrane via an L-a-glycerol phosphate permease. This transport system is not essential for bacterial growth and therefore mutants with a reduced expression are frequently selected under therapy. 

DBM dopamine P-monooxygenase GDPH glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase... 

Figure 3.10 Uptake of blood constituents by the mammary gland CoA, coenzyme A G-3-P, glycerol-3-phosphate FFA, free fatty acid FA, fatty acid TG, triglyceride, VLDL, very low density lipoprotein (from Hawke and Taylor, 1995).

PA is the precursor of many other phosphoglycerides. The steps in its synthesis from glycerol phosphate and two fatty acyl CoAs were illustrated in Figure 16.14, p. 187, in which PA is shown as a precursor of triacylglycerol. [Note Essentially all cells except mature ery-. throcytes can synthesize phospholipids, whereas triacylglycerol synthesis occurs essentially only in liver, adipose tissue, lactating mammary glands, and intestinal mucosal cells.]... 

Tire glycerol-phosphate shuttle, because it depends upon a mitochondrial flavoprotein, provides 2 ATP per electron pair (P/O = 2), whereas the malate-aspartate shuttle may provide a higher yield of ATP. Tire glycerol-phosphate shuttle is essentially irreversible, but the reactions of the malate-aspartate shuttle can be reversed and utilized in gluconeogenesis (Chapter 17). 

Nucleotidases have been studied in liver from various species and activity has been identified in lysosomes, cytoplasmic supernatants and plasma membrane preparations. Arsenis and Touster (31) have purified a 5 -nucleotidase from rat liver lysosomes to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme is unusual in that it hydrolyzes 2 -, 3 -, and 5 -mononucleotides equally well with preference for 5 -dAMP. It also hydrolyzes FMN, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and /J-glycerol phosphate, but not inorganic pyrophosphate or bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate. Unlike the 5 -nucleotidases described thus far, divalent cations such as Co2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ have no activating effect, but EDTA is inhibitory. In spite of the broad substrate specificity kinetic experiments indicate that a single enzyme is involved. Because of its broad substrate specificity it has been suggested (SI) that it may play a key role in lysosomal catabolism of nucleic acids. 

Fig. 7.1 Reactions catalyzed at the active sites of the a subunit (a reaction) and of the 0 subunit (0 reaction) and the coupled, physiological reaction (a0 reaction). In the a0 reaction, indole produced by cleavage of indole-3-glycerol phosphate at the a site diffuses through an intramolecular tunnel to the 0 site 25-30 A distant where it undergoes a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent /3-replacement reaction with L-serine to form L-tryptophan. Abbreviations used IGP, indole-3-glyceroI phosphate G-3-P, o-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, IND, indole [IND], indole intermediate PLP, pyridoxal phosphate.

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