Funding academic research Fund

Industry should also continue to commit resources to academic research, for reasons that go far deeper than the desirability of additional funds. The development of any engineering field, and particularly one as closely linked to manufacturing as chemical engineering, needs the intellectual guidance that can only come from an industry with a stake in research outcomes. Also, industry has to be linked to academia so that new laboratory results can be rapidly transferred to product and process design. An industry committed to financial sponsorship and personnel exchanges with academia will make sure that the crucial industrial intellectual involvement needed for success exists. Thus, the committee mges that ... 

Table 10.1 summarizes a range of possible funding mechanisms for research. Many of these mechanisms are well known and need no further elaboration. Some of them, however, are new mechanisms being proposed by the committee and are briefly described below. The great number of possible support mechanisms for academic research should be placed in the... 

Abutilon theophrasti, 11 295 Abzymes, 11 4 AC7230, 20 131 Acacia gum, 4 727 13 70-71 Academic research, federal funding of, 24 355... 

The distribution of funds for academic research by field has shifted as well. In 2000, the largest research and development expenditures in science and engineering were in the medical sciences, biological sciences, and engineering (Jones, 2003). Funding was such an important issue for one interviewee that they were ambivalent about recruiting students to careers in chemistry ... 

For HCS to be fully accepted by academia, several conditions will need to be fulfilled. Current HCS instruments are closed black boxes and their expensive maintenance contracts do not allow any hardware or software modifications for adaptation to the diverse needs of academic research. Academic research is typically more diversified than pharmaceutical industry research and the instruments need to be more customizable than they are now. In addition, the image and data formats need to be accessible and open. In academia data is shared between collaborators and will be analyzed with various, partly custom-made software. Therefore the data needs to be accessible and open. Lastly, the yearly costs of maintenance contracts and licenses are particularly difficult to finance in academic research that relies heavily on grants. Grants typically do not cover licensing costs or if they do, when the grant runs out, new sources of funding must be found. In reality, those costs must generally be covered by institutional funds. 

Much, though not all, of the scientific knowledge produced around the globe has traditionally been handled in this fashion. One thinks here of the scientific research performed by government research facilities or of academic research funded either by government or by private donors who wish the product of that research to be shared, free of charges as widely as possible, on a global basis. One occasionally sees proposals to apply this approach also to pharmaceutical research. Various models could be used to that end. 

It is with pleasure that the authors acknowledge the support of the National University of Singapore s Eastern European Research Scientist and Student Program to allow I. H. to visit Singapore where this chapter was commenced and largely written. Research in xanthate chemistry conducted in our laboratories were funded by the Australian Research Council, National University of Singapore and by the National Council of Academic Research, Bucharest, Romania. 

H.B. Logan, News of an exciting discovery," Better Homes and Gardens (October 1939) 13, 94, 104-105 quote p. 94. On the role of the Research Corporation in mediating between academia and industry in the first half of the twentieth century, see C. Weiner, Patenting and academic research Historical case studies, Science, Technology, and Human Value 12 (1987) 50-62. In this case the Research Corporation funds chan-... 

Once this management infrastructure and associated funding were in place at various DOE institutions, different academic research projects were started, initiating various satellite networks of multiscale modeling research. This technological transfer also started in other labs within the Department of Defense and industrial research communities. 

Acknowledgements. This work was supported in part by the academic research fund (981-1105-021-2) of the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and also by the Center of Advanced Bioseparation Technology. The support is deeply appreciated. 

It advises parliaments and governments on scientific matters and fosters relations between academic research and the private sector as well as research abroad. It devotes particular attention to the education and promotion of young scientists. To accomplish this mission, the DFG receives funds from the federal government and from the states (Lander) on a 50 50 basis for regular programs. (For special programs, the formula for funding is somewhat different, i.e., 60 40.) The total amount in the year 2000 was around 2000 million DM. 

For the 1993-1999 period approximately 53% of the grants were awarded by the NSF, 36% awarded by the DOD, with the remaining fraction awarded by the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other federal agencies. While NSE primarily funds academic research, a significant amount of their CVD funding goes to small companies in the form of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)... 

David Mowery Many of the points you suggest are among the drivers. Federal funding for biomedical research has increased in real terms at a rate of about 7 percent per year for approximately the past 30 years. That cannot be said about many other areas of federal funding for academic research. But there are major scientific advances that, as you suggest, have revolutionized the field and, very importantly, this is an area in which the scientific frontier is arguably closer to commercially attractive applications than many other areas of research. 

Figure 5.3 gives the breakdown of industry funding for academic research ranging from basic to applied to development. It shows that industry does not go to universities to conduct work downstream of research (i.e., development work is not the university s strength). When we have a pilot scale or when we do further applied work, we do that primarily in-house. 

Acknowledgments The author acknowledges the financial support from the Academic Research Fund, Ministry of Education, Singapore (Grant codes R-397-000-031-112 and R-397-000-019-112) and the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A STAR, Singapore. 

The largest academic research funding agency in Germany, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft... 

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