Scientific advances

Economic Market. The spice trade is controlled by many direct elements and responds slowly to supply and demand fluctuations. Resupply depends on growth to plant maturity, which for certain items, such as black pepper or nutmeg, can be several years. The raw material is directly affected by climate, adverse weather conditions, and control of plant diseases and insect and animal pests. Limited agricultural scientific advances are appHed to the cultivation of the botanicals, and there are many grades of product and degrees of quahty caused by different growing or processing conditions, sometimes by unknown factors as well. 

To further improve the general safety standards, the Delaney Clause was included in the Pood Additives Amendment of 1958. The Delaney Clause states that no food additive or color additive can be deemed safe if it has been found to induce cancer when ingested by humans or animals (23). The Clause acts as an absolute prohibition on the use of any additive found to cause cancer without any regard for whether, or to what extent, the substance is hazardous to human health. As scientific advances continue, both in the realm of food technology and analysis of previously undetected contaminants, the... 

One can almost say that a scientific advance is important only if it is communicated to others. If Dalton had not told others of his ideas nor tried to convince them (through his supporting... 

But, to repeat, the extent of the diffusion of Mendeleev s scheme is not the issue here—no one disputes that this was widely (though not universally) accepted by 1890 in the scientifically advanced countries. The question at issue is the relative strength of the roles played in this diffusion by evidence of various sorts and in particular by the successful predictions of new elements. 

Our new appreciation of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis shows the way for translation of these novel biological insights to clinical practice, for example by aiding the identification of individuals at risk of adverse cardiovascular events [5]. In this context, inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP merit rigorous consideration for inclusion in risk assessment strategies. In addition, these scientific advances provide a framework... 

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Academy of Sciences Malaysia under Scientific Advancement Grant Allocation (SAGA) (Project No. 6053001) and Universiti Sains Malaysia under USM short-term grant (Project No. 6035146). 

A + B" reacts to form "C" (Synthesis"), etc. These reactions cover most of those normally found in soUd state chemistry. Once you have mastered these types of reactions, you wUl be able to identify most sohd state reactions in terms of the reactants and products. This is important, especially when you may be trying to form an new composition not well known in solid state science. Addionally, you may wish to form a specific composition by a new method to see if it has superior physical or chemical properties over that same material formed by a different sohd state mechanism or reaction. In many cases, this has been found to be true and this factor has been responsible for several scientific advances in the sohd-state. That is- if you can find a different method for making a material, its properties may prove to be superior to that already known. 

Some historians have speculated that Perkin discovered his synthetic dye after spilling some of the solution on his worktable and sopping it up with a silk cloth. But an accident like that hardly seems necessary. Perkin and a young friend who was interested in art had already discovered one chemical with the properties of a dye. Moreover, the textile industry was the biggest employer of chemists, and the most scientifically advanced chemical industries involved dyes and cotton printing. 

From the viewpoint of structural chemistry, structure and bonding lie at the heart of rational syntheses that have already contributed to many significant scientific advances in inorganic chemistry and material chemistry, and especially to the discovery of some functional materials. Naturally the first step to novel functional material is synthesis , and in many cases exploratory synthesis seems to be the only workable route to new compound. However, rational synthesis will surely make property-oriented exploration more fruitful and pleasing. 

Leap into the Air (196). Wells continues In the year 1955 the suicide rate for the United States of America quadrupled any previous record. There was an enormous increase also in violent crime throughout the world. The thing had come upon an unprepared humanity it seemed as though human society was to be smashed by its own magnificent gains (196). This insight into the unexpectedly disastrous consequence of sudden scientific advances dominates most of the rest of the novel. 

Every Scientific Advance is an Advance in Method. The Invention of a 9 [ezv Specialized Laboratory .Procedure Brings A6out Rapid Conquests in 0 (ezv fields of Science and Technology, finally, it Exhausts Itself and is Replaced 6y a Still More Practical Method ... 

In summary, the second half of the 20th century has witnessed a revolution in the development of important therapeutic agents for many different diseases, especially those afflicting the nervous system. The escalating rate of scientific advance portends far more effective drugs, many of which will likely revolutionize treatment and perhaps lead to cures of the major scourges of the human species. 

Tn recent years, there has been a sequence of bills introduced into the Congress to change the patent law. The existing law, Article 35 of the U. S. Code, was passed in 1952, coinciding with the start of a remarkable upsurge in technological growth and scientific advance. 

A snake biting its own tail seems a far remove from structural theory, but how many scientific advances arise in just such ways ... 

Much scientific advance comes from a reductionist approach take a complex system apart into its components, understand these, and then build a useful model of the more complex system. This frequently works quite well. For example, if someone gave you a clock and asked you to discover how it works, you would probably get started by taking it apart, understanding the constituent parts, and learning how they work together by a process of reassembly. Indeed, one can pretty much predict the properties of a clock based on this reductionist approach. 

The use of information on the mode of action in the assessment of potential carcinogens is a main focus of the revised cancer guidelines because of the significant scientific advances that have developed concerning the causes of cancer induction. 

---