Funding academic research science

The distribution of funds for academic research by field has shifted as well. In 2000, the largest research and development expenditures in science and engineering were in the medical sciences, biological sciences, and engineering (Jones, 2003). Funding was such an important issue for one interviewee that they were ambivalent about recruiting students to careers in chemistry ... 

H.B. Logan, News of an exciting discovery," Better Homes and Gardens (October 1939) 13, 94, 104-105 quote p. 94. On the role of the Research Corporation in mediating between academia and industry in the first half of the twentieth century, see C. Weiner, Patenting and academic research Historical case studies, Science, Technology, and Human Value 12 (1987) 50-62. In this case the Research Corporation funds chan-... 

Acknowledgements. This work was supported in part by the academic research fund (981-1105-021-2) of the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and also by the Center of Advanced Bioseparation Technology. The support is deeply appreciated. 

U.S. industry is the largest overall supporter of chemical R D. Between 1999 and 2003, about 20 billion a year was spent on basic chemicals, resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments, pharmaceuticals and medicines related R D.4 Individual companies often operate their own R D labs, and many provide funds for academic research in targeted areas related to their areas of interest. Industrial funding for research and development in academic science and engineering (S E) fields reached an all-time high of... 

In 1995 we developed an approach to reaching out to the scientific community and investing funds in particularly important problems where we can engage some of the top scientists in the country. About a quarter of the academic faculty involved in this meeting are currently funded by our Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program, which provides about 100 million a year in support of basic research directed toward specific problems. STAR-funded research supports a broad range of issues that will have important payoffs for our future approaches to dealing with environmental problems. Some of the STAR solicitations that have a chemistry emphasis include ... 

In fact, industry and business clearly have taken the initiative in proposing, perfecting, and, in some cases, implementing new kinds of partnerships with universities and their science faculties. The Impetus for these developments comes in part from the long decline in Federal funding for basic investigations, and in substantial measure from industrial Interest in the economic potential of discoveries in several rapidly surging areas of academic research. 

The paper explores the following five main points (1) the "connection" should be at the basic research level (2) the "connection" must be at the cooperative, working level (3) government should assist the process, but not attempt to "steer the science and technology" (4) a tax Incentive for industry is the first step and (5) "industry funding should supplement and complement, not totally replace" government funding of academic research. 

Chemical Research Fund, formula for support of academic chemistry, 11 Chemical Science and Engineering Fund Chemistry in industry, from academic and Industry perspectives, 10 Cosmterclal development of research findings, 11,12,15 Competition within the university, 42,11 Confidentiality of findings In Industry-supported academic research, 12,11-15 Conflict of Interest In Industry-supported academic research, 12 Consulting, academic, 1-9 benefits, 2-3... 

Although industry targets most of its support of academic research, an industrially supported Chemical Sciences and Engineering Fund has been established by CCR that provides small amounts of unrestricted support for chemistry and chemical engineering departments. As those in academia can appreciate, unrestricted support is often of considerable value. 

Some of the stricklandiid shells used in this stndy were collected by Paul Copper of Laurentian University, Ontario. Both the encouraging and critical comments of A.J. Boncot of Oregon State University and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. This project was funded by research grants to the author from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and from the Academic Development Fund (ADF) of the University of Western Ontario. 

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