Engineering Foundation

Bedrock is composed of competent, hard, rock formations that underlie soils. Bedrock is the foundation engineer s description of transition from soils to rock at depth. Such rock can be igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Bedrock is very desirable for foundation placement. 

Soil compressibility is important for foundation engineering because it indicates settlement. Settlement or deformation of the soil under the foundation occurs because of change of position of particles in a soil mass. 

Vesic, A. S., Cratering by Explosives as an Earth Pressure Problem, 6th Inti. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 1965. 

Netterberg, F. (1967) Some road making properties of South African calcretes. Proceedings of the 4th Regional Conference of African Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineers, Cape Town, Vol. 1, pp. 77-81. 

Geotechnical Engineering Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering... 

Figure 3.6 Effect of size and spacing on sand compaction piles. (Gupta, S.N., "Discussion of Sand Densification by Piles and Vibroflotation," by C.E. Basore and J.D.Boitano, Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 95, SM 6, Nov. 1969, pp 224-226. Reproduced by permission of ASCE, Reston, VA.)...

L.J. Goodman and R.H. Karol, Theory and Practice of Foundation Engineering, Macmillan, New York, 1968. 

J. F. Raffle and D. A. Greenwood, The relationship between the rheological characteristics of grouts and their capacity to permeate soils. Proc. 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 789-793, London, 1961. 

Grant (CHE-0328185). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center Grant (EEC-0310689) for partial support. 

A National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Particle Science Technology depending on active industry support through its Industrial Partners Program [IPP]). 

This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, under contract W-7405-ENG-82 and the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Equipment Grant CBT-8507418. 

Abstract This paper introduces the current state of research on the coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes in geo-materials and applications for geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering in China. The paper puts equal emphasis on both the achievements of experimental results for fundamental studies, and the applications in rock mechanics and foundation engineering, tunnel engineering, geothermal mining, unsaturated soil and dynamic consolidation. At the end, it presents a model for chemical mining. 

Shen Zhenzhong. Xu Zhiying. Luo Cui. 2000. Coupled analysis of viscoelasticity stress field and seepage field for the Three Gorges dam s foundation. Engineering Mechanics. 17(1) 105 - 113. 

Schmidt, B. 1989. Consolidation settlement due to soft ground tunneling. In FYoceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro. Rotterdam A.A. Balkema, pp. 797-800. 

Casagrande L, Wade N, Wakely M, Longhney R. (1983). Electro-osmosis projects, British Colnmbia, Canada. Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Stockholm 3 607-610. 

Two Japanese researchers. Professors Fukuoka and Nakase (1973), gave a special lecture on the problems of soil mechanics of the seafloor at the Eighth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering held in Moscow, Russia. 

In Japan, the first symposium on marine soil mechanics held under the sponsorship of the Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering in 1982 (Subcommittee on Submarine Soil Mechanics, 1982)... 

Source Chaney, R.C. 1990. Sampling and preparation of marine sediments. In Foundation Engineering Handbook, 2nd edition. Fang, H.Y., ed., Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, pp. 72-87. Republished with kind permission from Springer Science + Business Media. 

Source Jamiolkowski, M. et al., New developments in field and laboratory testing of soils. Proceedings cf the 11th Intematioml Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Balkema, Boston, MA, 57-153,1985. Reprinted by permission of Taylor Francis Group (http //www. tandfonline.com). 

Anderson, A., Berre, T., Kleven, A., and Lune, T. 1979. Procedures used to obtain soil parameters for foundation engineering in the North Sea. Marine Geotechnology, Richards, A.F., ed., 3(3) 267-314. 

Fukuoka, M., and Nakase, A. 1973. Problems of soil mechanics of the ocean floor. Proceedings of the 8th International Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Conference. Moscow, Russia, pp. 205-220. 

McClelland, B. 1956. Engineering properties of soils on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the 8th Texas Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. University of Texas, Austin, TX. 

Richart, RE. 1975. Foundation vibrations. In Foundation Engineering Handbook, 1st ed., van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 673-699. 

Rietsema, R.A., and Viegever, M.A. 1979. In situ measurement of permeability In design parameters in geotechnical engineering. The 7th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. British Geotechnical Society, London. 

Idel, K.H., Muhs, H., and von Soos, P. 1969. Proposal for quality-classes in soil sampling in relation to boring methods and sampling equipment. Proceedings of the Specialty Session 1, Soil Sampling, 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico City, Mexico. 

ISSMFE (International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering). 1981. International Manual for the Sampling of Soft Cohesive Soils. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan, p. 129. 

Burmister, D.M. 1936. A method for determining the representative character of undisturbed samples and something of the disturbance caused by the sampling operation. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, III 26-28. 

Ohira, Y. 1977. Laboratory and in-situ testing methods. In Engineering Problems of Organic Soil in Japan, Yamanouchi, T, ed., Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 19-34. 

Baligh, M.M., Martin, R.T., Azzouz, A.S., and Morrison, M.J. 1985. The piezo-lateral stress cell. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, CA. 

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