Technology transfer. Also

Once this management infrastructure and associated funding were in place at various DOE institutions, different academic research projects were started, initiating various satellite networks of multiscale modeling research. This technological transfer also started in other labs within the Department of Defense and industrial research communities. 

Seeing the success of the UNAMAP BBS, EPA s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards started a BBS for information on regulatory models in June 1989. This has expanded to a BBS called TTN, Technology Transfer Network. This BBS, in Durham, NC, is reached on (919) 541-5742 and the system operator on (919) 541-5384. A part of this BBS called SCRAM, Support Center for Regulatory Air Models, contains model FORTRAN codes, model executable codes for use on personal computers, meteorological data, and in some cases model user s guides. Much of the information is downloaded in "packed" form, and software to unpack the files must also be downloaded from the bulletin board. 

Similar technology is also being used in induction hotplates and radiant heating elements and in the silicon nitride hotplates currently under development and which are characterized by an excellent heat transfer between heat source, sensor and saucepan. Gas hotplates could also be provided with the latest in domestic temperature sensing technology by fitting them with electric temperature control circuitry. 

See also Chemical congresses Confidence level method (CLM), optimization via, 26 1028-1029 Confidentiality, in technology transfer,... 

Thereafter, polyester fibre manufacture spread very rapidly throughout the world. Initially, the technology transfer was mainly from the existing producers, but after expiry of the patents it was provided increasingly by engineering firms, who provided not only specific sections of production plant but also turnkey plants with start-up support, thus enabling relatively undeveloped countries to establish fibre production. 

Because of the modular nature of fuel cells, they are attractive for use in small portable units, ranging in size from 5 W or smaller to 100 W power levels. Examples of uses include the Ballard fuel cell, demonstrating 20 hour operation of a portable power unit (32), and an IFC military backpack. There has also been technology transfer from fuel cell system components. The best example is a joint IFC and Praxair, Inc., venture to develop a unit that converts natural gas to 99.999% pure hydrogen based on using fuel cell reformer technology and pressure swing adsorption process. 

Kinsley Wilson is a doctoral student at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto. Her research focuses on the role of technology transfer in the local production of patented anti-retrovirals for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Wilson also has spent time working with the healthcare management consulting firm Sanigest Internacional in Costa Rica and Slovakia on pharmaceutical policy-related issues. 

Many of the FDA s postapproval, premarketing inspections result in citations because validation (and consistency) of the full-scale batches could not be established owing to problems with product dissolution, content uniformity, and potency. Validation reports on batch scale-ups may also reflect selective reporting of data. Of practical importance are the issues associated with a technology transfer in a global market. Equipment standardization inevitably will cause a variety of engineering and process optimization concerns that can be classified as SUP AC. 

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