Flame plastisol

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

By selection of those chlorinated paraffins specifically developed for the PVC industry to match the properties of primary plasticizers, reductions in costs can be achieved without significant change in properties. However, certain aspects can be improved by the inclusion of chlorinated paraffin such as flame resistance, chemical and water resistance, low temperature performance, and the viscosity aging stabiUty in plastisols. 

The plasticizer-range alcohols are largely used as feedstock for production of high molecular weight diesters of phthalic, adipic, azelaic, and sulftiric acids. All these are used primarily in plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other plastics. The plastics industry also uses them as additives for heat stabilization, to control the viscosity of PVC plastisols, ultraviolet absorbers, flame retardants, and antioxidants. They are also found in synthetic, lubricants, agricultural chemicals, and defoamers. 

In the simple two-component system of PVC binder and oxidizer, the important propellant properties of specific impulse, density, adiabatic flame temperature, and burning rate increase with an increase in solids loading. This is shown in Figure 8, where theoretical calculated values of specific impulse, adiabatic flame temperature, and density are given for a range of oxidizer content for PVC plastisol propellants comprised of only binder and oxidizer. [Calculated values of specific impulse reported throughout this paper are for adiabatic combustion at a rocket chamber pressure of 1000 p.s.i.a. followed by isentropic expansion to 1 atm. pressure with the assumptions that during the expansion process chemical compo-... 

A considerable range of plasticizers is available but those used most commonly are phthalate esters such as dioctyl or dinonyl phthalate (DOP or DNP). If it should be necessary to reduce the temperature of fusion, or to increase the rate of fusion (as with some expandable plastisols) a fast-solvating plasticizer such as butyl benzyl phthalate may be employed. Besides primary plasticizers such as these, less efficient secondary plasticizers (like chlorinated paraffins) can be included with a view to reducing costs and improving flame retardance. 

One of the larger uses is for wire and cable insulation. The flame resistance makes this the material of choice for residential wiring, extension cords, and so on. Inexpensive garden hose represents another large-volume use. Sports balls can be produced by rotational molding of plastisols. The low fabrication cost allows such products to dominate the lower-price-range market.76-77... 

Flame retarding plasticizer used in cellulose, polyester and polyurethane. Mainly used in the manufacture of electrical (wire and cable) and automotive plastic parts. May also be used for die preparation of vinyl sheets, fabric coating, plastisols and organosols, adhesives, vinyl packing materials, and conveyor belts. 

Firebrake . [U.S. Borax Chem.] Zinc bwate flame retardant, simdce suppressant, synergist used in chlorinated polyesters, PVC plastisols, and epoxy systems. 

SBR blends with 10 to 50 wt% of plastisol PVC for foamed, flame-resistant carpet backing Morgan and Ribaudo, 1980... 

A very important observation was recently made by Rurnbcl ( 2]. This is the incorporation of fine metal wires into a propellant, which increase the rate of burning as recorded originally in PVC plastisol propellants 12] but seems to be now a general practice in composite propellants. Metal wires are introduced into the composition before cure. Wlien the propellant is burned the wires extend from the unburned propellants into the flame zone. They provide paths for rapid heat transfer and thus burning along the wire is faster than outside the wire. Particularly efficient are silver and copper wire, as described by Rurnbcl - for PVC plastisol propellants (Table 125). 

The normal liquid chlorinated paraffins used as plasticizers for PVC have viscosities ranging from 100 to 40,000 MPa.s at 20°C. Products with chlorine contents ranging from 30 to 70% are on the market. Compatibility with PVC increases with increasing chlorine content but the plasticizing effect is reduced. The low viscosity products (chlorine content 30%—40%) are used as secondary plasticizers for PVC. They have a stabilizing effect on viscosity in plastisols. Chlorinated paraffins can be used up to a maximum of 25% of the total plasticizer content of the PVC plastisol without the risk of exudation. As chlorine-containing substances, these plasticizers also have a flame-retarding effect. 

Flame retardant plastisol as sealant or backing, pata from Papazogiou, e s, Malin, K R, Papathomas, C J, US Patent US20120282432, Nov. 8, 2012, Polymer Products Company, Inc.]... 

Uses Flame retardant for plastics (flexible PVC, plastisols, polyolefins), paints, textile finishes, rubber compds. (neoprene, S/B) UV stabilizer for ABS, epoxy, polyesters, PE, PP, flexible and rigid PVC, VDC Features Synergist in formulations contg. phosphorous compds. and/or... 

CAS 21645-51-2 EINECS/ELINCS 244-492-7 Uses Smoke suppressant, flame retardant, fillerfor wire/cable insulation, inj.-molded polyolefins, coatings, adhesives, rubber goods, paper filler and coating, epoxy elec, laminates, FRP elec, laminates, SMC/BMC, flexible/rigid PVC, plastisols, EPR, ABS, XLPE, and compr.-molded ther-mosets... 

Uses Lubricant resin extender, plasticizer improving water, chem., oil, and gas resist, in traffic paints, protective coatings plasticizer, flame retardant in rubbers, vinyls, fabric coatings, plastisols, rug backings, thermosetting encapsulants EP agent in metalworking fluids Features Blend of Paroil 1057 and 1061... 

Chem. Descrip. Tributoxyethyl phosphate CAS 78-51-3 EINECS/ELINCS 201-122-9 Uses Flame retardant, plasticizer for plastisols, acrylics, cellulosics, epoxy, nitrile rubber, PVAc floor polish emulsions leveling agent in latex paints and polishes Imparts low temp, flexibility to syn. rubbers antifoam In paper coatings. Inks, textile sizes, detergents, and paints Properties Colorless liq. sp.gr. 1.35 (20/20 C) vise. 12 mPa s 7.8% P Phosflex TPP [Akzo Nobel]... 

Uses Flame retardant, plasticizer for cellulose polymers (NC lacquers and coatings), PVC (wire and cable sheathing, conveyor belting, carpet backing, plastisols, wall covering)... 

Uses Flame retardant, plasticizer for PVC, cellulose nitrate, CAB, ethyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, PS, buna N rubber, vinyl film and sheeting, textile coatings, plastisols, organosols, adhesives, pkg. materials, food-contact applies. 

Uses Flame retardant, plasticizer for PVC and copolymers, PVAc, acrylics, finished film or coated fabric applies., vinyl plastisols, PVC adhesives, ethyl cellulose, NC, SBR and butyl rubbers plasticizer for flooring, cast and calendered free film and sheeting, extrusion, slush molding, inks, coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, plastisols, wire and cable... 

Chem. Descrip. Tributoxyethylphosphate CAS 78-51-3 EINECS/ELINCS 201-122-9 Uses Emulsifier, wetting agent, plasticizer, dispersant, leveling agent for acrylic floor finishes lowers vise, of PVC plastisols plasticizer for acrylonitrile and other rubbers flame retardant for acrylic, cellulosics, nitrile, PS... 

Chem. Descrip. Zinc borate CAS 1332-07-6 EINECS/ELINCS 215-566-6 Uses Flame retardant, smoke suppressant for plastisols, coatings for cellulosics, textiles, and adhesives synergist in PVC and halogenated polyester formulations, and in elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, polyamides, and polyolefins strong char promoter Properties Wh. free-flowing powd., nonhygroscopic 6 p avg. particle size 99.9% < 30 p sol. 0.5 g/100 ml water sp.gr. 2.50 bulk dens. 18.1 Ib/ff oil absorp. 39 ref. index 1.48 Zb -237 [Great Lakes]... 

Chem. Descrip. Zinc borate CAS 1332-07-6 EINECS/ELINCS 215-566-6 Uses Flame retardant, smoke suppressant for plastisols, coatings for textiles, adhesives synergist in PVC and halogenated polyester formulations, and in elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, polyamides, and polyolefins strong char promoter... 

Uses Plasticizer, flame retardant for plastics incl. acrylics, ceiiuiosics, epoxy, nitrile, phenolic, thermoset po ester, PP, PS, PVAc, PVC, clear vinyl films, vinyl-coated fabrics, flexible PU foam, syn. rubber, wire/ cable insulation, plastisols plasticizer, coalescing agent for coatings Manuf./Dlstrlb. Akzo Nobel FMC Rhodia/Phosphorus Perf. Derivs. Trade Names Antiblaze 519... 

Paroii 170 Paroii 170-HV Paroii 170-LV Paroii 170-T Paroii 1057 Paroii 1061 Paroii 1650 flame retardant, plastisols MIcral 932 Paroii 57-61 Phosflex TBEP Reofos 95 Santicizer 141 ... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of POx Uses Flame retardant, plasticizer for PVC, cellulose nitrate, CAB, ethyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, PS, buna N rubber, in vinyl film and sheeting, textile coatings, plastisols, organosols, adhesives, pkg. materials plasticizer in food-contact coatings, dip, rotationally, extruded and inj. molded parts, mech. foam in food-pkg. adhesives in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings Features Low-temp, plasticizer Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105, 175.300, 175.320, 181.27 Manuf./Distrib. Akzo Nobel http //www.akzonobel.com, Ashland http //www.ashchem.com, Bayer http //www.bayerus.com, Monsanto http //www.monsanto. com,... 

Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant PVC plastisols Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant PVC sheeting Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant PVC upholstery Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant PVC wall coverings Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant PVC wire insulation Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant SBR Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant unsat. polyesters Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flame-retardant vinyl plastisols Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer, flexible PVC Ditridecyl adipate... 

Zinc borates have also found uses in PVC formulations. They have been shown to be effective flame/smoke suppressants when used as partial replacements for the antimony oxide that is normally used in a t3 ical flexible PVC cable jacket, for example. For flexible vinyl and PVC plastisol formulations, a half to two-thirds of the antimony trioxide can be replaced by zinc borate without loss of flame retardancy. If a small decrease in flame retardancy can be tolerated, all of the antimony trioxide can be replaced with zinc borate, leading to smoke reductions of up to 65%. The flame retardancy can be increased and smoke formation decreased by adding aitunonium octamolybdate to the borate-containing formulations. 

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