Halogenated polyesters

The use of FRP is desired to replace older materials of construction such as concrete, stucco, etc. They have been used in many historical preservation projects. The reason they are desired is because of light weight, durability ease of installation, and low maintenance (no dry rot, attack by insects, mold, etc.). These are typically nonstructural parts made by spray-up process or continuous panel process. An example are shown in Figure 23.11. This market is expected to continue to grow. The main resin used for exterior architectural applications are halogenated polyester resins. Since there is not a smoke requirement, resins that meet the ASTM E-84 flame spread requirement of <25 can be used for this application. The other common material used for these applications is polyester resin or modified acrylic resins that are filled with ATH. The ATH filled resins can also be used in interior applications since they will typically also have low smoke values. 

End Uses Urethane coatings, vinyls, rigid foams, RIM, non-halogenated polyesters... 

Isophthalic Bisphenol A fumarate Hydrogenated bisphenol A Halogenated polyester Terephthalate (PET)... 

These pol)uners are not resistant to highly alkaline solutions of sodium hydroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, alkaline solutions with pFI greater than 10, aliphatic, primary and aromatic amines, amides, and other alkaline organics, phenols, and acid halides. Table 3.11 provides the compatibility of halogenated polyesters with selected corrodents. Reference [1] provides a more comprehensive listing. 

Halogenated polyesters are widely used in the pulp and paper industry in bleach atmospheres where they outperform stainless steel and high-nickel alloys. Applications are also found for ductwork, fans, and other areas where potential fire hazards may be present. They are also used for high-temperature applications such as chimney liners, chemical storage tanks, and chemical piping among other applications. 

CAS 7778-18-9 EINECS/ELINCS 231-900-3 Uses Filler tor powd. coatings, caulks, thermoset polymers, halogenated polyester systems provides exc. surf, appearance and high insulation resist., melt flow rate, and Izod impact str. in intricate elec, components Features Rec. tor halogenated polyester systems as it does not interfere with action of the halogen... 

Uses Hame retardant, smoke suppressant in polymers, esp. PVC-based wire and cable, rigid film and coatings, and halogenated polyesters char-former in non-halogenated PE/EVA and epoxy sterns Properties Wh. to ott-wh. powd. 1.5-2.0 mean particle size 99% < 25 sp.gr. 3.30 decomp. temp. > 375 F < 0.9% free moisture Charmax MO [R.J. Marshal]... 

Chem. Descrip. Zinc borate CAS 1332-07-6 EINECS/ELINCS 215-566-6 Uses Flame retardant, smoke suppressant for plastisols, coatings for cellulosics, textiles, and adhesives synergist in PVC and halogenated polyester formulations, and in elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, polyamides, and polyolefins strong char promoter Properties Wh. free-flowing powd., nonhygroscopic 6 p avg. particle size 99.9% < 30 p sol. 0.5 g/100 ml water sp.gr. 2.50 bulk dens. 18.1 Ib/ff oil absorp. 39 ref. index 1.48 Zb -237 [Great Lakes]... 

Chem. Descrip. Zinc borate CAS 1332-07-6 EINECS/ELINCS 215-566-6 Uses Flame retardant, smoke suppressant for plastisols, coatings for textiles, adhesives synergist in PVC and halogenated polyester formulations, and in elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, polyamides, and polyolefins strong char promoter... 

Micral 1000 Micral 1500 UFH16 filler, halogenated polyester systems Culmlnal MHPC 20000 R SIRollaid P... 

Das, M., Haines, P. J., Lever, T. J. and Skinner, G. A. High temperature oxygen index studies of halogenated polyester thermosets containing antimony and molybdenum oxides. Fire and Materials, 6, No. 3-4, 122 (1982)... 

Zinc borate Stable up to 29()°C, promoting char (enhanced by liner particles) also suitable for use in translucent halogenated polyester resin, improve lire performance retaining clarity. 

This, in ultrafine grades with surface areas from 10 to 1 5 m g and thermally stable up to 29()°C, functions mainly in the condensed phase, promoting the formation of a char, which can be enhanced by the finer particle size. Grades are also suitable for use in translucent halogenated polyester resin systems, to improve fire performance while retaining clarity, and/or with a refractive index of 1,5 9 (similar to that of glass and many polyester resins). 

Table 6.15 Compatibility of Halogenated Polyester with Selected Corrodents ... 

Halogenated polyesters show a greater degree of crystallinity than do the unsubstituted polymers. 

The halogenated polyesters can be crystallized by solvent treatment or heat treatment to produce an insoluble structure. 

Major use as a flame retardant is in PVC and halogenated polyester, usually in conjunction with antimony trioxide. Some would regard it as a partial replacement for antimony trioxide but it does have other benefits, most notably as an excellent after-glow suppressant. It is often used in combination with other flame retardants such as ATH. It also finds some use in flame retarding ceUulosics, where its greater resistance to water compared with borax or boric acid is needed. Total world use of zinc borate as a flame retardant may be around lOOOOtpa. 

They are particularly effective in PVC based wire 6 cable, rigid film and coatings, and halogenated polyesters. They can also be used as charformers in non-halogenated PB/EVA and epoxy system. 

HETRON 197 Halogenated polyester. Maximum comnion and heat resistance. Class 1 or H flame spread cen be achieved. Al equipmem where maximum corrosion and heat resistance are requi - intermittent service to about 600° F continuously in 350° F range. Excellent for hot wet chlorine and other highly oxidizing environmsnts. 

In this Chapter, thermal analysis of the decomposition process has been performed -hence, the flame retardancy and thermal stabihzation of halogenated and non-halogenated polyester resins by ZHS may be explained by the formation of smface-localized spherical barriers which are growing according to the nucleation growth mechanism and which attenuate the transfer of heat from the decomposition zone to the substrate. This effect was foimd as dominating in the flame-retardancy mode of action. 

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