Metalworking fluid

Metalworking fluids are widely used in machining and grinding. Four different classes of metalworking fluids are used  

Straight oils that are naphthenic or paraffinic mineral oils [L] with additives that include sulfurized or chlorinated fats and corrosion inhibitors [H], 

Soluble oils that include mineral oils [L] as well as petroleum sulfonates, amine soaps, sodium naphthenates, triazines, chloro-phenols amines, and sodium nitrite, all [H]. 

Synthetic fluids including ethanolamines, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and borates [H], as well as alcohol and ester surfactants [L]. 

---

Metalworking fluids Metal working industry Metamagnetism Metamitron [41394-05-2] Metam sodium Metamucil... 

Other Nitrogen Compounds. The basis of the sophisticated nitrogen compounds Hsted in Table 10 is the reaction of formaldehyde with amino compounds. A significant amount of Hterature details investigation of the mechanism of action, particularly whether or not the antimicrobial activity depends on decomposition to formaldehyde (40—42). These compounds tend to have substantial water solubiUty and are more effective against bacteria than fungi and yeasts. Key markets for these compounds are metalworking fluids, cosmetics, and in-can preservation of paints (see Alkanolamines Amines, fatty amines). 

Poly(alkylene glycol)s are also used as lubricity additives ia water-based synthetic cutting and grinding fluids (36), and ia aqueous metalworking fluids. Under the high frictional heating at the tool or die contact with the workpiece, the polyalkylene glycol comes out of solution ia fine droplets which coat the hot metal surfaces. 

Waste aqueous metalworking fluids may be successfully treated by conventional means for removal of tramp oil, surfactants, and other chemical agents to provide suitable effluent water quaUty (78). 

Emulsions. The fatty acid soaps of alkanolamines ate excellent emulsification agents for use in such products as floor poHshes, cosmetics, and functional fluids such as hydrauhc and metalworking fluids. For example, improved hardwater stabiUty of a hydrauhc fluid emulsion is obtained using AMP in the formulation (12). 

METALWORKING FLUID Fluid applied to a tool and workpieee to eool, lubrieate, earry away partieles of waste and provide eoiTosion proteetion. Generally eomprising neat mineral oils, or water-based materials, or a mixture of the two. Fluids may also eontain emulsifiers, stabilizers, bioeides, eoiTosion inhibitors, fragranees and extreme pressure additives. 

Metalworking fluids contain mineral oils (refer to p. 80) or synthetic lubricants they are used neat or in admixture with water. They may contain small amounts of biocides, stabilizers, emulsifiers, coiTosion inhibitors, fragrances and extreme pressure additives. The formulations render them suitable for application to metal being worked, generally from a recirculatory system, to provide lubrication, corrosion protection, swarf removal and cooling of the tool and machined surface. 

Skin eontaet with metalworking fluids may eause skin irritation or a eontaet initant dermatitis. Contaet with neat oils may eause follieulitis (oil aene). Contaet with some aqueous-mix fluids may, depending upon the additives, e.g. bioeides, eause an allergie eontaet dermatitis. Formerly the use of unrefined mineral oils posed a risk of skin eaneer. 

The fumes and mist from metalworking fluids may eause iiTitation of the eyes, nose and throat. 

Metalworking fluids Elemental marker method using flame 95... 

Nickel and its inorganic compounds health hazards and precautionary measures Metalworking fluids health precautions Vinyl chloride toxic hazards and precautions... 

Health nsks from metalworking fluids - Aspects of good machine design... 

Management of metalworking fluids a guide to good practice for minimizing nsks to health... 

MDHS 84 Measurement of oil mist from mineral oil-based metalworking fluids... 

There has been much activity in this field of corrosion inhibition in recent years which appears to have been prompted by health and safety requirements. As with engine coolants, the use of nitrites, particularly where amines may also be present, needs to be considered carefully. Nitrites have been widely used in cutting, grinding, penetrating, drawing and hydraulic oils. Suggested replacements for nitrites and/or amines make use, inter alia, of various borate compounds, e.g. monoalkanolamide borates. Molybdates have also been proposed in conjunction with other inhibitors, e.g. carbox-ylates, phosphates, etc . Water-based metalworking fluids usually contain other additives in addition to corrosion inhibitors, e.g. for hard-water stability, anti-foam, bactericidal proderties and so on. Thus, claims are made for oil-in-water emulsions with bactericidal and anti-corrosion properties. 

Test method for iron chip corrosion test for water soluble metalworking fluids Test method for accelerated weathering test conditions and procedures for bituminous materials (xenon-arc method)... 

Due to their multifunctional properties ether carboxylic acids have been described as very useful surfactants for metalworking fluids [66]. Especially in... 

Amine salts of ether carboxylates inhibit internal corrosion of oil storage tanks and pipelines [230]. Furthermore it is possible to use ether carboxylates as corrosion and scale inhibitors for industrial recirculating cooling water systems, metalworking fluids, and hydraulic fluids [28,231-233]. 

---