Flames effect

Takagi, T. and Xu, Z., Numerical analysis of hydrogen-methane diffusion flames (effects of preferential diffusion), Trans. pn. Soc. Mech. Eng.(B), 59, 607, 1993 (in Japanese). 

Yang, S.l. and Shy, S.S., Global quenching of premixed CH4/air flames Effects of turbulent straining, equivalence ratio, and radiative heat loss, Proc. Combust. Inst., 29,1841,2002. 

Kim, T.K., B. J. Alder, N. M. Laurendeau, and J.P. Gore. 1995. Exhaust and in situ measurements of nitric oxides for laminar partially premixed C2He-air flames Effect of premixing level at constant fuel flow rate. Combustion Science Technology 110-111 361-78. 

Driscoll, J.F., R. H. Chen, and Y. Yoon. 1992. Nitric oxide levels of turbulent jet diffusion flames Effects of residence time and Damkohler number. Combustion Flame 88 37-49. 

Material Flow properties of composition Non-Segregation of ingredients of compn Pelletting Power Retardation of Rate of Burning Sparkiness of Flame Effect on Efficiency of Composition Ignitability of Composition Sensitiveness of Composition Waterproofing Power of Materials Remarks... 

A relatively new concept is presented for protection to the area surrounding hazardous work with explosives. Suppressive shields are vented composite steel structures which are designed to confine all fragments from an accidental detonation and to suppress hazardous blast and flame effects to a safe level. 

In addition to flame effects, chemical interferences which result from the sample matrix are also known. The consequence of this type of interference is that if it is not detected (and compensated for) it can result in appreciable error. Well studied interferences in the determination of Ca, are the influences of Al and of P04. Aqueous solutions of calcium as CaCb are atomised more efficiently than are solutions of Ca(N03)2 principally because the formation of CaO/Ca(OH)2 is more extensive in the latter case (CaO has a melting point of 2577°C). Thus, the acid used to prepare aqueous Ca standards influences the instrumental response appreciably. The atomisation efficiency can be further suppressed by the formation of Ca3(P04)2 or CaAl204. 

Canal bargemen worried about this phenomenon, but it delighted the mischievous children. Methane is lighter than air, and it dissipates quickly into the air. But its density depends on temperature, and on very cold days there was enough methane Just above the surface of the Leeds canal to cause the flaming effect. 

L. Hamelnick, J.B. Greenberg Multiple spray diffusion flames - effects of dissimilar fuel feed patterns, 23rd Israel Combustion Symposium, Haifa, December 2008... 

The structures are built into the furnace under working conditions, so that walls and roofs are exposed to one-sided flame effects, columns are fired all the way round, load-carrying structures are tested under load, etc. 

Flame Effective reactions Temperature [K] Energy release im... 

Chemical interferences The only example of any consequence pertains to the measurement of calcium. The ion forms a refractory phosphate molecule and atomization is thereby impaired. Diluents containing La + or Sr +, preferentially bind to the phosphate and release the Ca +, or EDTA to complex the Ca + in solution allowing its release in the flame, effectively eliminate this interference. An alternative strategy is to use the hotter nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. A few other chemical interferences have been recorded in atypical settings and are not relevant to biomedical samples. 

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