Fiber-reinforced polymers industrial

Transition from liquid behavior to solid behavior has been reported with fine particle suspensions with increased filler content in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Industrially important classes are rubber-modified polymer melts (small rubber particles embedded in a polymer melt), e.g. ABS (acrylo-nitrile-butadiene-styrene) or HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) and fiber-reinforced polymers. Another interesting suspension is present in plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) at low temperatures, when suspended PVC particles are formed in the melt [96], The transition becomes evident in the following... 

Another approach to exploit the properties of nanocarbons consists in integrating them in standard fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC). The rationale behind this route is to form a hierarchical composite, with the nanocarbon playing a role at the nanoscale and the macroscopic fiber providing mainly mechanical reinforcement. This strategy typically aims to give FRPCs added functionality, improve their interlaminar properties and increase the fiber surface area. The first two properties are critical for the transport industry, for example, where the replacement of structural metallic... 

The presence or absence of a yield stress is of great importance in the molding of filler filled or fiber reinforced polymers, and also for the physical stability of many industrial products. Casson proposed an equation describing the steady state shear flow properties of the suspensions of solid particles in Newtonian liquids (Casson, 1959), so as to easily evaluate yield stresses ... 

CFRPs are strong and light fiber-reinforced polymers. Carbon fibers are a new breed of high-strength materials. Carbon fiber contains at least 90% carbon prepared by controlled pyrolysis of rayon fibers [34]. The subsistence of carbon fiber came into use in 1879 when Edison took a patent for the fabrication of carbon filaments used in electric lamps [35]. The composites manufactured using carbon fiber reinforcements exhibit a range of mechanical properties suitable for many constructional, industrial, and automobile applications. 

Al-Oqla, F.M. and Sapuan, S.M. (2014) Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites in industrial applications feasibility of date palm fibers for sustainable automotive industry. / Cleaner Prod, 66, 347-354. 

It should be noted, however, that the thermal and mechanical properties of vegetable fiber reinforced polymer composites are notoriously lower than those of similar composites reinforced with synthetic fibers (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid) [1, 2,12]. The above-mentioned techniques, i.e., fiber drying and surface treatment or the addition of a compatibilizer, are mostly not enough to adjust the properties of vegetable fiber reinforced polymers to the desired level. Moreover, even though these treatments enhance adhesion, there is some controversy in the literature about their effect on the mechanical properties of the fiber itself and even when a more pronoxmced gain is noticed after treatment, the improvement for the composite is often within the scatter of the results. In addition, the cost and environmental impact of some of these treatments, especially of those more elaborated, often prevent their industrial scale applications. 

Epoxy resins are considered to be one of the most important classes of thermosetting polymers. They are now widely utilized as high-performance thermosetting resins in several industrial applications. Thanks to their range of useful properties, they are used as protective coatings, structural adhesives and matrix resins for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. 

Abstract There is strong evidence that the oil and gas industry has become increasingly interested in using pipes and risers made of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials. Moreover, oil and gas exploration nowadays has to be conducted in much deeper water depths (500-1500 m md deeper), thus requiring more resilient and lighter materials. In this section various applications of FRP in relation to pipes and risers are discussed to familiarise the reader with various FRP and hybrid pipes. 

In this section various applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites in relation to pipes and risers, as well as the other applications relevant to the petrochemical and oil and gas industries, will be discussed. The discussion will primarily cover the structural components that are essentially load-bearing components (such as actual pipes and risers). 

The focus of this chapter has been to give a general overview of the many manufacturing processes available today for the manufactrrre of fiber reinforced polymer composites. Most of the technologies discussed are subject to continuous improvements as manufacturers from the aerospace, automotive, construction and consumer products industries strive to improve manufacturing costs and overall product quality. 

Biocomposites consisting of the polymer matrix and natural fibers are environmen-tally-friendly material which can replace glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites, and are currently used in a wide range of fields such as the automotive and construction industries, electronic components, sports and leisure, etc. [1, 2]. Recently, the research on nanobiocomposites which are reinforced with both natural fiber and nanofiller is actively proceeding in order to offer higher thermal and mechanical properties, transport barrier, thermal resistivity and flame retardance in comparison with the conventional biocomposites [3-7]. Recently, nanoclay has become of increasing interest in nanocomposites because the characteristics of nanometer-scaled sihcate pellets, such... 

The fifth and final section opens with a chapter on design of plastic parts then presents applications plastics in buildings and construction, infrastructure applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, the plastic piping industry in North America, and PET use in blow-molded rigid packaging. 

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