Epoxy carbon fiber

The primary resin of interest is epoxy. Carbon-fiber-epoxy composites represent about 90% of CFRP production. The attractions of epoxy resins are that they polymerize without the generation of condensation products that can cause porosity, they exhibit little volumetric shrinkage during cure which reduces internal stresses, and they are resistant to most chemical environments. Other matrix resins of interest for carbon fibers include the thermosetting phenolics, polyimides, and polybismaleimides, as well as high-temperature thermoplastics such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyphenylene sulfide. 

HDPE, composite materials such as epoxy-glass fiber and epoxy-carbon fiber, and laminate structures such as polymer films on bulk metal substrates. Thin-conductive film heaters were made of electrically conductive paints, electrically conductive polymer films, metal foils (stainless-steel, copper, titanium, and titanium alloys), and thin metal films sputtered on a ceramics or glass. The samples dimensions varied from a few centimeters to 5m. 

Ashrafi B, Guan JW, Miijalili V, Zhang YF, Chun L, Hubert P, et al. Enhancement of mechanical performance of epoxy/carbon fiber composites using single-walled carbon nanombes. Compos Sci Technol 2011 71 1569-78. http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.compscitech.2011.06.015. 

Aluminum alloy Titanium alloy High tensile steel Special glass fiber Epoxy fiberglass Silica Fiber Epoxy carbon fiber Boron fiber Carbon fiber Iron whisker SIC whisker Graphite whisker... 

ASTM classification Unit Heat-resistant High-strength High-glass/epoxy Carbon fiber/epoxy... 

Wu et al. [94] incorporated SWCNT and MWCNT membranes (buckypaper) and CNF paper onto the surface of epoxy carbon fiber composites. The authors observed that SWCNT buckypaper and CNF paper did not show notable improvement on fire retardancy. However, MWCNT buckypaper acted as an... 

Thunhorst K, Goetz D, Hine A and Sedgwick P (2011), The effect of nanosilica matrix modification on the improvement of the pultrusion process and mechanical properties of pultruded epoxy carbon fiber composites . Composites 2011, Fort Lauderdale, FL, American Composites Manufacturers Association. 

Epoxy Carbon fiber — Aerospace applications, helicopter blades... 

The extensive use of carbon fiber composites in aerospace is illustrated in Fig. 9.1. This figure shows the large number of applications of polymer/carbon-fiber composites in a new passenger plane, the McDonnell-Douglas Aircraft MD-12X. Other new airplanes, such as the Boeing 777 and the Airbus A340, make similar extensive use of these composites. ] The Airbus A340, for instance, incorporates 4000 kg of epoxy-carbon fiber... 

Figure 2-21 The various changes in mechanical properties when the arrangement angle of carbon fibers in an epoxy/carbon fiber composite laminate is varied.

Fig. 3.4 Additional water uptake of unidirectional laminate measured at 70°C exhibiting two-equilibrium stages seemingly due to polymer swelling and physical relaxatirai (Suh et al. 2001) Credit Suh D, Ku M, Nam J, Kim B, Yoon S. Equilibrium wato uptake of epoxy/carbon fiber composites in hygrothermal environmental conditirais. 35(3) 264—278, copyright 2001 by Journal of Composite Materials. Reprinted by Permission of SAGE...

Becker O, Varley R J and Simon G P (2003) Use of layered silicates to supplementarily toughen high performance epoxy-carbon fiber composites, J Mater Sci Lett 22 1411-1414. 

Trivisano et al. (18) developed a mathematical model for the pultrusion of epoxy-carbon fiber composites which was applied to the description and optimization of process variables to determine the best set of processing conditions (die temperature and pulling velocity as function of the composite thickness). They concluded that different heating zones must be used in order to improve processing, especially for thick composites. 

Price (21) analyzed the thermorheological aspects of the processing of epoxy-carbon fiber and polyester-glass fiber. He used a heat transfer model for pultrusion and examined two limiting cases i) isothermal case with uniform die wall temperature and ii) adiabatic case where heat conduction was considered negligible. However no correlation between process variables and temperature profiles was discussed. 

N. J. Lee, J. Jang, M. Park, C.R. Choe, Characterization of functionally gradient epoxy/carbon fiber composite prepared under centrifugal force, J. of Mater. Sci., 32, 2013-2020 (1997). 

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