Acrylo nitrile

The method described is a modification of the procedure used by Ghosez to synthesize cinnamonitrile. 3-(2-Furyl)acrylo-nitrile has been prepared by catalytic condensation of furfural with acetonitrile in the vapor phase at 320°, by dehydration of the corresponding amide over phosphorus pentachloride, and by decarboxylation of 3-(2-furyl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid. ... 

Frounchi and Burford [37] studied the effect of styrene block copolymer as a compatibilizer in isotactic PP-ABS blends. It was found hat in PP-rich blends a marginal improvement in mechanical properties was obtained. However, in acrylo nitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) rich blends no improvement was obtained. The effects of four different block copolymers, SBS, SIS,... 

Transition from liquid behavior to solid behavior has been reported with fine particle suspensions with increased filler content in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Industrially important classes are rubber-modified polymer melts (small rubber particles embedded in a polymer melt), e.g. ABS (acrylo-nitrile-butadiene-styrene) or HIPS (high-impact polystyrene) and fiber-reinforced polymers. Another interesting suspension is present in plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) at low temperatures, when suspended PVC particles are formed in the melt [96], The transition becomes evident in the following... 

TABLE 7. Relative rate constants for the addition of substituted alkyl radicals to die acrylo-nitrile/butadiene pair in methanol at 0 °C17... 

Sample HjO" ml Acrylo- nitrile ml Na2S205 FeS04 K2S20 ... 

R. Qi, J. Qian, Z. Chen, X. Jin, and C. Zhou, Modification of acrylo-nitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer by graft copolymerization with maleic anhydride in the melt. II. Properties and phase behavior, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91(5) 2834-2839, March 2004. 

Solvent t °c Styrene (59) Methyl methacrylate 30) Vinyl acetate Acrylo- nitrile... 

In the anionic polymerization of rigorously purified acrylo-nitrile, studied in Du Pont Co. by Dr. E. F. Evans, there is apparently a termination if the reaction proceeds at higher temperatures (50°—70° C). This is shown by a decreasing yield at higher temperatures as compared with 100% conversion observed at lower temperatures. It has been proposed that the termination is due to an isomerization that resembles the Thorpe reaction, namely... 

A-. H+ P Acrylo- nitrile Methyl Meth- acrylate Styrene... 

The apparent brittleness of PMMA, polystyrene, and styrene/acrylo-nitrile copolymer (S/AN) arises because energy absorption is confined... 

The copolymerization behavior of the system a-methylstyrene-acrylo-nitrile can best be described under the condition that sequences of two... 

By definition, thermoplastics have limitations at elevated temperatures. It is in this particular property that fibrous glass can lead to remarkable improvements. However, a sharp division exists for reinforced thermoplastics. The various reinforced thermoplastics can be put in two groups relative to DTUL. These consist of amorphous and crystalline or semicrystalline polymers. The amorphous polymers such as styrene-acrylonitrile, polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly (vinyl chloride), and acrylo-nitrile-butadiene-styrene are generally limited to modest DTUL improvements, usually on the order of 20°F with 20% glass. However, crystalline polymers such as the nylons, linear polyethylene, polypropyl-... 

The butadiene (80%)-acrylonitrile(17%)-aerylamidoxime(3%) terpolymer was prepared by reacting 2.5g butadiene 80%)-acrylo-nitrile(20%) copolymer (Aldrich) in 150 ml xylene with 1.61g hydro-xylamine hydrochloride in 12 ml n-butanol (freed of HC1 immediately before addition by method of Hurd (4) by dropwise addition under nitrogen. Reaction time and temperature were 23 hr. and 90-95°C. The polymer product was worked up by slowly adding the reaction mixture to 500 ml ether with rapid stirring. The precipitated polymer was allowed to settle, the supernate decanted and the polymer resuspended and washed with two 100 ml portions of ether followed by vacuum drying. Yield 2.04g (81%). Conversion of nitrile functional groups to amidoxime groups was 15% by infrared absorption. 

The conclusion is that the separation by simple distillation of the ternary mixture acrylo nitrile/ace to nitrile/water is not possible because of azeotropes. Changing the VLE behavior by a mass-separation agent is desirable. The literature search... 

Other acrylic latices have a specific application in the coatings industry. One product based on butyl acrylate and acrylo nitrile also contains 2.75t of isobornyl methacrylate with 2.84 of NM U. Self - emulsification takes place with 2-sulfoothyl methao rylate and suiprisingly, sodium vinyl sulfonate. C[Pg.332]

After the examination of the PS photooxidation mechanism, a comparison of the photochemical behavior of PS with that of some of its copolymers and blends is reported in this chapter. The copolymers studied include styrene-stat-acrylo-nitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The blends studied are AES (acrylonitrile-EPDM-styrene) (EPDM = ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer) and a blend of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and PS (PVME-PS). The components of the copolymers are chemically bonded. In the case of the blends, PS and one or more polymers are mixed. The copolymers or the blends can be homogeneous (miscible components) or phase separated. The potential interactions occurring during the photodegradation of the various components may be different if they are chemically bonded or not, homogeneously dispersed or spatially separated. Another important aspect is the nature, the proportions and the behavior towards the photooxidation of the components added to PS. How will a component which is less or more photodegradable than PS influence the degradation of the copolymer or the blend We show in this chapter how the... 

A similarly poor efficiency in extraction can also be seen in Fig. 11, where the extraction result for the product obtained by the radiation grafting of styrene onto poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) fibers is shown. In this case the unreacted PET can be extracted after most of PS homopolymer has been extracted by repeated solution-precipitation of the sample. It should be mentioned here that the solution procedure is also necessary to extract the unreacted PET. Such a solution-precipitation procedure is also necessary for nylon-styrene and poly(vinyl chloride)-acrylo-nitrile ) graft products so as to remove the homopolymers to a sufficient extent. 

Both bis(l,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) and bis(acrylonitrile)nickel(0) catalyze the polymerization of allene to highly crystalline linear polymers (451). With compounds such as tri-o-tolyl phosphite, bis(acrylo-nitrile)nickel in hydrocarbon catalyzes the cyclodimerization of butadiene to 1,5-cyclooctadiene, whereas in alcohols it catalyzes the... 

Poly[styrene-co-(acrylo nitrile)] styrene-actylo nitrile copolymer... 

A transmission electron micrograph of a craze in a thin film of poly(styrene-acrylo-nitrile), shown in Fig. 1 a, will serve to introduce the principal microstructural features of crazes. The direction of the tensile stress is marked and it can be seen that the craze grows with the primary direction of its fibrils parallel to this tensUe stress and with the interfaces between the craze and the nearly undeformed polymer matrix normal to the stress. Since the overwhelming portion of the experiments to be reviewed here rely on the use of thin film deformation and transmission electron microscopy techniques, a brief review of the general methods of these experiments is in order. 

Catalyst Acrylo- nitrile Croto- nitrile Methacrylo- nitrile Dimethyl maleate... 

The telomerization process is certainly an appropriate technique for the synthesis of (meth)acrylic-type macromonomers, but also of (meth)acrylo-nitrile-derived macromonomers. This technique is open to almost all conventional monomers but is also devoted to original monomers such as NIPAM. We can note that macromonomers based on halogenated monomers were synthesized by telomerization, using redox catalysis. 

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