FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius

U.S. standards of identity require that evaporated milk contain not less than 7.5% milk fat and 25% total milk solids. In addition, it must contain 25 IU of vitamin D per fluid ounce. Addition of vitamin A is optional if added, it must be present in a concentration of 125 IU per fluid ounce (FDA 1981 A). U.S. of standards identity for evaporated and condensed milks are essentially the same as those published by FAO/WHO, Codex Alimentarius (FAO 1973), and similar organizations throughout the world. 

These ranges, tentatively adopted by the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Committee on Fats and Oils, refer to typical commercial samples of bona fide fats and oils. A range of <0.1% indicates that the fatty acid is not normally present in a quantifiable amount, whereas a blank indicates that the fatty acid is not normally present. 

Internationally, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) periodically considers food additives, including antioxidants, on the basis of all available scientific data to establish acceptable daily intake levels (92) and specifications on the identity and purity of the additives. The conclusions of JECFA are published in numerous reports and technological summaries by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the WHO Technical Report Series and WHO Food Additives Series. Such information provided by JECFA is used by the Joint FAO/ WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission in implementing the Joint FAO/WHO Standards Program, which was established to elaborate international standards for foods to protect the health of consumers, to ensure fair practices in food trade, and to facilitate international trade (90). 

In 1961/62 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) to elaborate international food standards and codes of practice for questions related to food. Questions concerning contaminants were dealt with, partly by the Commodity Committees and partly in the Codex Committee for Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC). The Codex Alimentarius system concerning contaminants is described in section 12.2. 

The Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. The Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (the Commission) was established to implement the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program. Membership of the Commission comprises those Member Nations and Associate Members of FAO and/or WHO that have notified... 

FAO/WHO. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Alinorm 03/34 Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Twenty-Fifth Session, Rome, 30 June-5 July, 2003. Appendix III, Guideline for the conduct of food safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants and Appendix IV, Annex on the assessment of possible allergenicity, 2003 47-60. 

Food methods validated by a collaborative trial study and those validated using the single-laboratory approach have been adopted as national and international standards by, e.g. CEN, International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), AOAC International and by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Food Standards Programme. A number of EN Standards developed by CEN relate to the organisation of controls. It is however important to keep in mind that, in addition to the method performance criteria, economical and prevention strategy... 

Determination of relative density According to the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Method (FAO/WHO Methods of Analysis for Edible Fats and Oils, CAC/RM 9-1969, Determination of Relative Density at t/20°C). Results are expressed as relative density at 20°C/water at 20°C. 

Association), NSPA (National Soybean Processors Association), CGSB (the Canadian Government Specification Board) and the American Fats and Oils Association. Examples of the specifications for a few of the major oil types are set out in Table 5.2. The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission have published Recommended International Standards for individual oils, and national standards bodies, for example the British Standards Institute, issue specifications. 

FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report of 10th Session of Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues, Alinorm 79/24, FAO, Rome. 

Purity FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius European Union E322 Eood Chemical Codex... 

Codex Alimentarius Commission (1991). Report of the 19th Session of the Joint FAOj WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, FAO, Rome. 

FAO/WHO Codex Standard A2, Codex Alimentarius, Rome, Italy, 1986. 

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) jointiy sponsor the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which conducts a program for developing worldwide food standards. The Codex Committee for Cocoa Products and Chocolate has developed standards for chocolate (Codex Standard 87-1981), and cocoa powders and dry cocoa—sugar mixtures (Codex Standard 105-1981). As a member of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the United States is obligated to consider all Codex standards for acceptance. 

Codex Alimentarius Commission, WHO/FAO (2003), Code of Hygienic Practices for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, CAC/RCP 53. 

Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand, AERU Research Report n.233 FAO/WHO (2001) Codex Alimentarius-organically produced foods. Rome, 2001 Fenemore PG, Norton GA (1985) Problems of implementing improvements in pest control a case study of apples in the UK. Crop Prot 4 51-70... 

Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual, Eleventh edition, FAO and WHO, Rome 2000, ISBN 92-5-1004402-3. (The tenth edition is on the Codex www-pages at http // fao.org/docrep/W5975E/W5975E00.htm)... 

The standards and limits adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission are intended for formal acceptance by governments in accordance with its general principles. Codex Alimentarius permits only those antioxidants which have been evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for use in foods. Antioxidants may be used only in foods standardised by Codex. The antioxidant provisions of Codex Commodity Standards are included in and superseded by the provision of this Standard. Food categories or individual foods where the use of additives are not allowed or are restricted are defined by this Standard. The primary objective of establishing permitted levels of use of antioxidants in various food groups is to ensure that the intake does not exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI). 

Codex Alimentarius (1997). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. International code of practice - general principles of food hygiene, in General Requirements (Food Hygiene), Codex Alimentarius (supplement to volume IB), FAO/WHO, Rome. 

Codex Alimentarius Commission (2003). Schedule 1 of the Proposed Draft Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, Thirty-fifth Session, Arusha, Tanzania. 

Toxicological evaluations of food additives and of contaminants, naturally occurring toxicants and residues of veterinary drugs in food produced by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), and of pesticide residues in food by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) are used by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and national governments to set international food standards and safe levels for protection of the consumer. 

The Codex Alimentarius Commission was created in 1963 by FAO and WHO to develop food standards, guidelines, and related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program. The main purposes of this Program are to protect the health of the consumers and to ensure fair trade practices in the food trade, and to promote the coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and nongovernmental organizations (CA 2007). 

The Joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) began work in 1963 following a decision that the Codex Alimentarius Commission should recommend MRLs for pesticides and environmental contaminants in specific food products to ensure the safety of foods containing residues. It was also decided that JMPR should recommend methods of sampling and analysis. There is close cooperation between JMPR and the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR). CCPR identifies those substances requiring priority evaluation. After JMPR evaluation, CCPR discusses the recommended MRLs and, if they are acceptable, forwards them to the Commission for adoption as Codex MRLs. 

The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meetings on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) began work in 2000 to develop and provide advice to the Codex Alimentarius Commission on microbiological aspects of food safety. In addition to providing risk assessments, JEMRA develops guidance on related areas such as data collection and the application of risk assessment. JEMRA works most closely with the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, but has also provided advice to other Codex committees, such as the Committee on Fish and Fishery Products. 

Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program, Codex Alimentarius Commission Draft Provisional Standard for Honey, March, 1968. 

Survey on flavouring substances currently marketed or used in Japan (summary), March 2001. flavor Committee, Japan Flavor and Fragrance Materials Association Discussion paper on the development of a Codex Guideline that establishes safe conditions of use for flavourings in foods with a reference to the evaluations completed by JECFA (2005). Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Rome... 

The international Codex Alimentarius Commission within the United Nations FAO/WHO Food Standards Program has a CCMAS. CCMAS works out criteria... 

CX/MAS 01/8 (2001), Codex Alimentarius Commission, Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling (FAO/WHO), Measurement uncertainty. Relationship between the analytical result, the measurement uncertainty and the specification in Codex standards, agenda item 4a of the 23rd session, Budapest, Hungary, Feb. 26-Mar. 2, 2001. 

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