Fragrance Materials Association

Several manuals devoted, at least in part, to flavor formulation have been published (52—63), eg, literature from the Fragrance Materials Association of the United States, Washington, D.C. The increasing number of materials available has resulted in the improvement of flavor characteristics and has permitted a closer rendition of natural flavors. Often such materials bear a scant sensory relationship to the tme natural flavor character. When used as a component and judiciously applied, these materials serve a useful purpose in a properly compounded flavor. 

Specifications also appear in other pubHcations, including pubHcations of the Fragrance Materials Association (FMA) of the United States (53,57) (see also Fine chemicals). The FMA specifications include essential oils, natural flavor and fragrance materials, aromatic chemicals, isolates, general tests, spectra, suggested apparatus, and revisions adopted by the FMA. 

Survey on flavouring substances currently marketed or used in Japan (summary), March 2001. flavor Committee, Japan Flavor and Fragrance Materials Association Discussion paper on the development of a Codex Guideline that establishes safe conditions of use for flavourings in foods with a reference to the evaluations completed by JECFA (2005). Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Rome... 

However, in the case of leaf oil, international standards do exist. In this case, a phenol content of 75-85% has been specified for oil of Sri Lankan origin (ISO, 1977). Cinnamaldehyde is another constituent of leaf essential oil, contributing to the total flavour, and the specification limits its content to 5%. In the USA, the FMA (Fragrance Materials Association) specifies the eugenol content (80-88%) in cinnamon leaf oil in terms of its solubility in KOH (FMA, 1992). 

FMA (1992) Cinnamon leaf oil. 5pp. FMA Monographs Volume 1. Fragrance Materials Association of the United States, Washington, DC. 

Japan Flavor and Fragrance Materials Association (JFFMA). 

Fragrance Materials Text Mixture (Restek) proposed by Fragrance Materials Association... 

Flavor and Fragrance Materials, Flavors and Extracts Manufacturers Association, 1989. 

Health and Safety. This material has a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status indicated by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association for use in flavors and by the Council of Europe for use as a flavor. Benzyl alcohol satisfies the most current guidelines published by (lie International Fragrance Association (IFRA) which governs the use of fragrance materials. 

Flavors and fragrances are sensory stimuli. Of the two, flavors are more complex because they act on the olfactory bulb via their volatile components and on the taste buds which are stimulated by both volatile and non-volatile components. The overall response to a flavor is a synthesis of the effects of both types of components. The response to fragrances, on the other hand, results only from the action of volatile components. Because flavors and fragrances function via a common mechanism, many volatile materials are used for both purposes. This is nicely illustrated by the perfumers vocabulary for fragrance materials. A collection of some 160 words published by a famous perfumer, Ernest Shiftan (1) included 75 words usually associated with flavors such as almond, bacon, coconut, honey, lime, raspberry, spicy and vanilla. 

This chapter will look at the composition of a number of popular aromatherapy materials. There is a lot of published data describing chemical compositions. This can be found in varying degrees of complexity in the aromatherapy books and, additionally, from a number of bodies such as ISO (International Organization for Standardization), RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials), IFRA (International Fragrance Association), AFNOR (Association Franchise de Normalisation) and the BP (British Pharmacopoeia). 

The organizations encountered when examining the composition of essential oils include the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM), the International Fragrance Association (IFRA), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) and the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). There is some overlap between recommendations for usage and safety by these bodies. The background and roles of RIFM and IFRA are described in the next chapter in relation to safety. 

See also International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Limonene Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM). 

See also Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association Food Additives Food and Drug Administration, US International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Meetings (JECFA and JMPR) Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM). 

Close association with RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials), an independent international nonprofit research institute founded in 1966 for the purpose of developing and maintaining ingredient safety information. ... 

From the examples quoted above, it is clear that the use of fragrances poses very little risk to the consumer. Although there have been very few problems associated with fragrance use, RIFM and IFRA continue to examine all the available evidence on both traditional and new fragrance materials to ensure that the consumer, including those who buy Eve , can continue to purchase fragrances without having to worry about their safety. 

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