Organic produce

Organics produce no useful positive ions, but the ions produced by inorganic samples are remarkably free from background interference, and the resulting mass spectra are relatively simple. The ion currents derived from the positive sample ions at each m/z value, being free from background ions, represent an accurate measure of the amount of each element. 

Gram-negative organisms produce ced-bound P-lactamases which reside in the periplasmic space. Thus, for gram-negative bacteria, the antibiotic must penetrate the outer ced membrane/wad before coming in contact with a P-lactamase (80,139,140). 

Water containing water-soluble organics produced during pyrolysis. 

Quality products are products that meet customer needs and expectations but, as has already been said, quality does not happen by chance. A quality system is the means by which organizations produce products that meet customer needs and expectations. Even if that system is not formalized, it is the combination of processes, resources, and organization that will deliver quality products. All ISO/TS 16949 does is define a minimum set of requirements which if met will enable an organization to satisfy its customers. It is a kind of framework for achieving product quality. 

The 1987 version of ISO 9001 required the quality policy and the quality system procedures and instructions to be documented, clearly identifying three levels of documents in practice, organizations produced an intermediate level between the quality policy statement and the procedures which addressed the requirements of the standard and cross-referenced the associated procedures. This intermediate level together with the quality policy statement was often referred to as the quality manual. However, some manuals merely paraphrased the requirements of the standard, some described the quality system, and others confined the manual to the organization s operational policies. The guidance given in clause 5.3.1 of ISO 9004-1 suggests that the quality system documentation consists of policies and procedures. Clearly these policies are of a somewhat lower level than the corporate quality policy addressed in Part 2 Chapter 1. 

Finally the word fermentation will be used in its industrial sense, that is a commercially viable process in which a micro-organism produces a required product or change. 

For a high-quality product, the substrate itself must be relatively pure to minimise carryover of impurities to the final product Most industrial process micro-organisms produce optimal yields of exopolysaccharides from carbohydrate and the most commonly used substrates for industrial production are ... 

This chapter reviews recent experimental evidence of a bacterial source of sodium channel blockers, principly TTXs. These findings support the hypothesis that procaryotic organisms produce TTXs which contaminate oceanic food chains. 

This method depends on the fact that bacteria like all living organisms produce heat when they metabolize. Because of the small amount of heat produced, especially sensitive calorimetric devices are required hence the name microcalorimetry. The specimen to be evaluated is diluted with a nutrient medium and, if microorganisms are present and can metabolize, heat is produced and can be measured. An interesting offshoot of this technique is the fact that differing organisms produce different heat outputs and this may provide a means of identification. Microcalorimetry may enable organisms to be detected and possibly identified in 3 hours. 

The microorganism is again P. chrysogenum. A manufacturer may use the same mutant strain to make both products or may have different mutants for the two penicillins. Parallel situations of a single organism producing more than one natural product occur with other types of antibiotics, for example strains of Streptomyces aureofaciens are used for both chlortetracycline and demethylchlortetracycline fermentations. 

In 1975 the World Health Organization produced a guideline for the establishment, maintenance and distribution of chemical reference substances (WHO 1975). This document was intended to foster collaboration and harmonization of approval for the provision of reference substances by national authorities and organizations responsible for reference substances collections. This guideline was revised in 1982 (WHO 1982) and a further revision was completed more recently (WHO 1999) to take into account progress in pharmaceutical analysis. The latest guidehne defines both primary chemical reference substance and secondary chemical reference substance as follows ... 

Other countries have ambitious targets for their organic market. Kuhne and Jahn (2002) suggested 20% of the market for organic produce in Germany by the year 2011, whilst Viaux, et al. (2002) mention a growth rate of 20% to 30% per year for the organic market in Europe. 

The problem for organic producers, as for other pig farmers who have outdoor systems, is that piglet death is highly correlated with... 

The use of farrowing crates is prohibited for organic producers, and so are routine teeth cutting and the automatic use of iron injections. However, a protective rail, farrowing box or nest is recommended, and teeth cutting for individual piglets or a litter when necessary to prevent injury to the sow is permitted, and so are iron injections for anaemia in the case of iron-deficient soils or chronic anaemia in free range systems. 

The perceived risk of taint with boars increases with age and weight. Because the organic producer markets only boars or gilts, the boars tend to be sent for slaughter at higher weights, that is up to 70 kg... 

---