Ethyl acetate cellulose

Figure 1. Rate of the chemical (---) and enzymatic additions (—) of hydrocyanic acid to benzaldehyde (initial concentration 5 mM) in water/ethanol and in ethyl acetate/cellulose.

The future looked promising. By the late 1930s, the new Minamata chemical plant was a major producer of organic chemicals, particularly acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, cellulose acetate, vinyl acetylene, acetone, butanol, and isooctane. The town prospered and became a bustling place, housing chemical engineers, chemical workers, and a local service economy for the plant and its employees. 

Cellulose nitrate Cellulose acetate Cellulose accetate- hutyrate Cellulose acetate- propionate Cellulose propionate Ethyl cellulose... 

Acrvlonttrlle-Methylmethacrylote Cellulose Acetate Cellulose Acetat Butyrate Cellulose Acetote roplonote Cellulose NHrate Cellulose Proprlonote Cellulose Triacetate Diollyl Phthalote Ethyl Cellulose Epoxy... 

The extracted crude luciferin was purified by Anderson s benzoy-lation method mentioned above (Anderson, 1935), followed by partition chromatography on a cellulose powder column using a mixture of ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5 2 3 Tsuji, 1955) as the solvent, again in a hydrogen atmosphere. The luciferin obtained (3 mg) was highly pure by paper chromatography, and appeared suitable for crystallization. I... 

Properties of luciferin. The luciferin of Odontosyllis is a highly polar substance. It is soluble in water, methanol, and DMF, but practically insoluble in ra-butanol, ethyl acetate and acetonitrile. The luciferin is strongly adsorbed onto DEAE-cellulose, even under acidic conditions, indicating that the molecule possesses a strong acidic functionality. Although the luciferin is unstable in the presence of air, it is quite stable in dilute methanol under argon at — 20°C. 

Method B A solution of (/ )-oxynitrilase (150 pL, sec Method A) is dropped onto 2 g of Avicel cellulose [soaked in 20 mL of 0.01 M acetate buffer (pH 5.4) for 1 2 h, filtered off and pressed]. 20 mL of ethyl acetate (saturated with 0.01 M acetate buffer, pi I 5.4) are added, followed by 5 mmol of aldehyde and 250 pL (6.5 mmol) of hydrocyanic acid. After stirring at r.t. (Tabic 1) the mixture is filtered, and the filter cake pressed and washed with ethyl acetate. The combined solutions are dried and concentrated. 

Cellulose acetate CAP Acetone, ethyl acetate/IPA, alkalies, if pH 6.0 Dissolves in distal end of duodenum requires presence of plasticizer such as triacetin or castor oil is somewhat hygroscopic... 

Benzene, light petroleum, ethanol and ether ignite in contact with the gas, while the exotherm with acetic acid, acetone or ethyl acetate causes rapid boiling. General organic materials (cellulose, grease, oils) ignite if excess heptafluoride is present. 

Measurements of aqueous solubility and partition coefficient between cellulose acetate and water were compared for thirty disperse dyes and an approximate inverse relationship was postulated [60]. This can only be valid to a limited extent, however, because the partition ratio also depends on the saturation solubility of the dye in cellulose acetate. This property varies from dye to dye and is not directly related to aqueous solubility. The solubilities of four dyes in a range of solvents were compared with their saturation values on cellulose acetate. Solubilities in benzene showed no significant correlation. With the other solvents the degree of correlation increased in the order ethanol < ethyl acetate < 20% aqueous diethylene glycol diacetate (CH3COOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCOCH3). The last-named compound was suggested as a model with polar groups similar to those in cellulose acetate [86]. 

SIS 1 silica stationary phase, eluent ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (6 1 1, v/v) S1S2 silica stationary phase, eluent toluene-ethyl formate-formic acid (4 4 1, v/v) S1S3 C18 stationary phase, eluent methanol-water-acetic acid (25 25 3, v/v) S1S4 silica stationary phase, eluent toluene-pyridine-formic acid (100 20 7, v/v) S1S5 cellulose stationary phase, eluent acetic acid-water (1 1, v/v) S1S6 C18 stationary phase, eluent methanol-water-acetic acid (78 25 3, v/v). Reprinted with permission from A. Pieroni et al. [124]. 

Table 9.2 summarizes the uses of acetic acid. Vinyl acetate is another top 50 chemical. Acetic anhydride is used to make cellulose acetate and at times has been in the top 50 chemicals itself. Cellulose acetate is a polymer used mainly as a fiber in clothing and cigarette filters. Ethyl acetate is a common organic solvent. Acetic acid is used as a solvent in the manufacture of terephthalic acid (TA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), which are monomers for the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate), the polyester of the textile industry. A minor household use of acetic acid is as a 3-5% aqueous solution, which is called vinegar. 

Acetic Anhydride vinyl Acetate Monomer Cellulose Acetate i Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Isnpropanol... 

Cellulose acetate, which is used in textiles and photographic film, is produced by reacting cellulose with acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. Other esters of acetic acid, such as ethyl acetate and propyl acetate, are used in a variety of applications. 

Solvent systems used for thin layer chromatography were 1) n-butanol acetic acidiwater (4 1 5 upper phase), 2) acetic acid water (15 85), 3) ethyl acetate pyridine water (12 5 4), and 4) chloroform acetic acid water (50 45 5). Silica gel plates were used for chromatography of flavonoid aglycones and cellulose plates for all other components. Aluminum chloride was used for detection (under long UV light) of flavonoids, aniline phthalate for sugars, ninhydrin for amino acids and iodine for other components. Cellulose thick layer plates were developed with solvents 1 or 2. 

To conclude this discussion on zirconium, it is appropriate to look at the adhesion promotion effects of various zirconium compounds in flexographic and gravure ink printed on corona discharge-treated polyolefins and polyester. Flexographic and gravure inks are basically a pigment (often titanium dioxide) suspended in a polymer (normally called the binder) dissolved in a solvent. Actual commercial ink formulations are rather more complicated. These inks are either water-based when acrylic polymers and co-polymers are typically the binders, or solvent-based (usually ethanol-ethyl acetate mixtures) when the binder is typically nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate propionate. 

Partition Column. Two columns packed with coarse powdered cellulose impregnated with capryl alcohol as immobile phase were prepared in an identical manner. The mobile phase consists of 0.2Af phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. To avoid overloading the column, only a small portion of the extract could be used. The natural extract consisted of 0.20 ml. of the reduced-pressure evaporated solution, corresponding to about 10 grams of kudzu. A similar quantity was added as the spiked extract, except that it contained 500 /xg. of added GA3. Ten-milliliter eluent fractions were collected, acidified to pH 2, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were concentrated prior to chromatography. 

Preliminary Purification of Dandelion and Sweet Corn. The plant extract in pH 7 buffer was sealed in a Visldng cellulose dialysis membrane bag, immersed in a volume of aqueous pH 7 buffer equal to twice the volume of its contents, and shaken for at least 2 hours. The outside solution was replaced, and die entire operation repeated twice. The three outside buffer solutions were combined. A dialysis blank was prepared in similar fashion. The dialyzate was washed once with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 2 with sulfuric acid and extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were evaporated to dryness, and redissolved in a small volume of methanol. 

Elastomers, prepared by free-radical initiated copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with cellulose to several hundred percent extent of grafting of poly (ethyl acrylate) onto cellulose, exhibited rubber-like behavior and second-order transition temperatures. Cellulose-poly (ethyl acrylate) elastomers had transition temperatures below —35°C, about — 20°C, and below 5°C when measured in ethyl acetate, dry air, and water, respectively (43, 44). 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

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